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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell membrane
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a thin, flexible covering that regulates the movement of materials into/out of a cell
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nucleus
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the "control centre" - a large mass that holds the genetic material and tells the cell what to do
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cytoplasm
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the region between the nucleus and the cell membrane made up of cytosol and organelles
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cytosol
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jelly-like substance made up of water and other compounds
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vacuole
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a large organelle used to store various materials and assist in water regulation
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mitochondria
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the "power supply" - produces energy from sugar through a process called cellular repiration
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endoplasmic reticulum
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a network of membranes
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ribosome
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produces proteins
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Golgi body
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pancake-like organelles that modify, package, and ship proteins and fats to different parts of the cell
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centrioles
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protein fibres that aid in cell division by helping to move genetic material
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cell wall
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non-living layer on the outside of PLANT cells that protects the cell and give it shape
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chloroplasts
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green organelles in PLANT cells responsible for photosynthesis (changing light energy into food or sugar)
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nuclear membrane
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the membrane that protects the nucleus
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selectively permeable
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describes cell membranes that allow small molecules to pass through easily, but not larger molecules
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diffusion
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the movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration
e.g. spreading of perfume spray |
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osmosis
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the movement of WATER molecules from an area of HIGH water concentration to an area of LOW water concentration
"water diffusion" |
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photosynthesis
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carbon dioxide + water ---> light energy/chlorophyll ---> sugar and oxygen
*occurs in chloroplasts |
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cellular respiration
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sugar and oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water + energy
*occurs in mitochondria |
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enzymes
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special proteins that speed up chemical reactions
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chromosomes
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thread-like structures contained in the nucleus (made up of DNA and proteins)
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DNA
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genetic material made up of 4 different types of nucleotides
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gene
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a series of nucleotides that codes for a specific enzyme
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