Cell Structure And Function

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Cell

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The basic unit of structure and function in living things.

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Microscope

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An instrument that makes small objects look larger.

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Cell Theory

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A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.

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Organelle

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A tiny structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.

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Cell Wall

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A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisims.

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Cell Membrane

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A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

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Nucleus

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A cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.

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Cytoplasm

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The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane.

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Mitochondria

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Rod-Shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

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A cell structure that froms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.

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Ribosome

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A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where protiens are made.

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Golgi Body

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A structure in a cell that recieves proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes then to other parts of the cell.

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Chloroplast

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A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captured energy drom sunlight and uses it to produce food.

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Vacuole

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a sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area.

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Lysosome

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A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.

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Element

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Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

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Compound

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Two or more elemnts that are chemically combined.

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Carbohydrate

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Energy-rich organic compund, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elemnts carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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Protein

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Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and osmetimes sulfur,

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Amino Acid

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A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins

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Enzyme

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A type of protein that speeds in a chemical reaction in a living thing.

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Lipid

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Energy-rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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Nucleic Acid

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Very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the members of the same species.

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

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RNA

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Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic that plays an important role in the production of proteins

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Selectively permeable

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A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot

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Diffusion

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The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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Osmosis

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The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane

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Passive Transport

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The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

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Active Transport

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The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy