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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are all living organisms composed of?
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Cells
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Unicellular Organisms
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Organisms composed of a single cell
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Multicellular Organisms
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Organisms composed of many cells
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Prokaryotic Cells
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-Small, simple cells
-no membrane bound organelles -first cells to appear about 3.5 billion years ago -EX: bacteria |
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Eukaryotic Cells
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-Larger, more complex cells
-Membrane bound organelles -evolved 2.1 billion years ago -EX: Protists, Fungi, Plants, & Animals |
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Cell Theory
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"Cells are structural, functional, and reproductive units of all living things."
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Which scientists came up with the cell theory?
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1. Robert Hooke
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 3. Matthias Schleiden 4. Theodor Schwann 5. Rudolf Virchow |
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How are nutrients, wastes, and chemicals moved in, around, and out of prokaryotic cells?
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Diffusion
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How are nutrients, wastes, and chemicals moved in, around, and out of eukaryotic cells?
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by structures called organelles
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Cyanobacteria
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photosynthetic bacteria
produced oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis to to give the ancient atmosphere oxygen |
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Coccus/Cocci
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Spherical shape
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Bacillus/Bacilli
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rod shaped
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Spirillum/spirilli
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spiral or corkscrew shaped
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Sperm Cells
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male gametes used for sexual reproduction
carry 23 chromosomes |
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What do human sperm carry in the head?
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Many mitochondria (produces energy for ____ to beat flagellum) and 23 chromosomes
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How do human sperm swim?
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By beating a flagellum
- only cell that has one |
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epithelial tissue
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tissue characterized by tightly packed cells in an either an irregular, cubodial, or columnar shape
covers body surfaces, organs, and lines body cavities and tracts |
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microvilli
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increase the surface area for maximum absorption of food
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goblet cell
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at the pointer of the epithelial tissue
specialized cell with a large storage vacuole that contains mucous that is secreted to lubricate the digestive tract so food can pass along easily |
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adipose tissue
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type of connective tissue that is specialized to store fat in a large vacuole inside each adipocyte cell
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platelets
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smallest cells
fragments assist in blood clotting live about 10 days |
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smooth muscle cells/muscle fibers
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long, thin
spindle shaped |
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adipose tissue
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type of connective tissue that is specialized to store fat in a large vacuole inside each adipocyte cell
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erythrocytes
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red blood cells that are made of hemoglobin protein and carry oxygen to all cells of the body
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leukocytes
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white blood cells
defend the body against foreign invaders and can live hours, days, months or years |
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neurons
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specialized cells designed to receive and sell nerve impulses to and from other neurons, muscle cells, or gland cells
composed of an enlarged area called the cell body that contains the large nucleus |
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dendrites
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small projections that receive nerve impulse from other neurons and conduct them TOWARDS the cell body
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axon
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one long projection that conducts impulses AWAY from cell body to other neurons, muscle cells, or glands
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epidermal cells
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layer of cells that form a tight, waterproof, protective layer
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guard cells
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two large kidney shaped cells that open and close an area called the stoma
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stoma
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controls the amount of carbon dioxide that enters the leaf and the amount of water vapor and oxygen that exits
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