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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does both cellular respiration and fermentation start with?
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glycolysis
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What are the final products of cellularrespiration? |
carbon dioxide, water, ATP |
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When a substance is oxidized, _________.
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it loses electrons and becomes positively charged |
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What molecule is oxidized in the cellular respiration chemical reaction?
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glucose |
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What are the 2 coenzymes that function as electron carriers in the process of cellular respiration? What does each become? |
NAD+ --> NADH
FAD 2+ --> FADH2 |
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List the 3 main phases of cellularrespiration & where each occurs.
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glycolysis—cytoplasm
Kreb’scycle—matrix of mitochondria electrontransport chain—cristae of mitochondria |
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Name the products of glycolysis |
2 net ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvates |
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What is the name of the 2 carbon compound that is made from a pyruvate in the transition step? |
acetyl CoA |
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Name the total products of the Kreb's cycle |
4 carbon dioxides 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2 |
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Which portions of cellular respiration require oxygen? |
Kreb's cycle and ETC |
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What is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain? What does it become? |
oxygen water |
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What is the name of the "hydrogen pump" at the end of the ETC? |
ATP synthase |
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Name the 2 types of fermentation and give the end products for each. |
alcoholic fermentation-ethanol & CO2 lactic acid fermentation-lactic acid |
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What types of cells use alcoholic fermentation? |
yeast and some bacteria |
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Which type of fermentation has a CO2 as a byproduct? |
alcoholic |
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How many carbons do ethanol and lactic acid have? |
ethanol-2 lactic acid-3 |
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What happens to the NADH during either of the fermentation processes? |
it is oxidized back to NAD+ |
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What process do both types of fermentation begin with? |
glycolysis |
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What is the equation for cellular respiration? |
C6H1206+6O2-->6CO2+6H2O+ATP |
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What is the name of the enzyme that removes hydrogen ions and gives it to NAD+ & FAD2+ |
dehydrogenase |
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When and where does the transition step occur? |
when: between glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle where: on the way into the mitochondria from the cytoplasm |
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Draw the Krebs cycle |
on other paper |
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Label glycolysis |
on other paper |
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label the transition step |
1) NAD+ 2) NADH 3) pyruvate 4) CO2 5) coenzyme A 6) coenzyme A 7) acetyl CoA |
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label the ETC |
1) ATP synthase 2) 1/2 O2 3) H2O 4) H+ 5) cristae 6) intermembrane space 7) matrix 8) NADH + H+ 9) NAD+ 10) FADH2 11) FAD2+ 12) ATP |
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The only type of energy our cells can use is ____. All energy ultimately comes from the ______. |
ATP sun |
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Write and label the equation for cellular respiration. |
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP glucose oxygen carbon water energy dioxide |
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Explain in detail the two forms of respiration. Explain how they are related. |
1) aerobic- needs oxygen, 3 steps, makes many more ATP, reduced NAD+ to NADH+H+ 2) anaerobic- no oxygen, 1 step, oxidizes NADH+H+ back to NAD+, makes only 2 net ATP They are related because they both begin with glycolysis. |
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Explain the relationship between oxidation and reduction. Give an example (will have to write example). |
oxidation- losing electrons to become positively charged reduction- gaining of electrons to become negatively charged. When one substance is oxidized, another substance must be reduced. (Example of Cell Respiration equation) |
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Explain the functions of dehydrogenase, FAD2+, and NAD+. How do they relate to the ETC? |
dehydrogenase- enzyme that strips off hydrogens FAD2+- Coenzyme that carries electrons to ETC NAD+- Coenzyme that carries electrons to ETC |
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What are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration? |
1) glycolysis 2) Kreb's cycle 3) ETC |
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What is the main purpose of glycolysis? What do you generate from glycolysis? Where does it occur in the cell? |
The main purpose is to generate NADH's to send to the ETC (it also generates 2 pyruvates to send to the Kreb's cycle) Glycolysis generates 2 pyruvates, 2 net ATP, and 2 NADH+H+ It occurs in the cytoplasm |
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What is the main purpose of the Kreb's cycle? What do you generate from it? Where does it occur in the cell? |
The main purpose is to generate NADH's to send to the ETC Kreb's cycle generates 6 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2 It occurs in the martix of the mitochondria |
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What is acetyl CoA? How do we get it? |
acetyl CoA is a 2C, high energy compound that is made from the 2 pyruvates. It is made during glycolysis by removing CO2. We can get it by eating foods rich in vitamin B. |
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If the oxygen is not present the cell can not go through the Kreb's cycle. What can the cell do instead? |
If there is no oxygen present, the cell can go through fermentation. |
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Compare and contrast the 2 types of fermentation. |
Alcoholic: 1) produces CO2 2) produces a 2C ethanol Lactic: 1) no CO2 produced 2) produces a 3C lactic acid Both: 1) used when oxygen is not present 2) starts with glycolysis 3) oxidizes NADH back to NAD+ 4) only produces 2 ATP associated with glycolysis |
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Explain in detail why we could not live without our mitochondria. |
We can't live without mitochondria because it is in the mitochondria that the ETC occurs. Without the ETC, our cells would not get the many ATP that they need to function. Glycolysis can only provide 2 net ATP. |
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Explain the total ATP generated from glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and ETC. |
1. glycolysis: 4 - 2 = 2 net ATP 2. Kreb's cycle: 2 ATP 3. ETC: 3 ATP |
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In the ETC, _________ is the final electron acceptor. |
oxygen |
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The enzyme that actually helps generate ATP at the end of the transport chain is named ________. |
ATP synthase |
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What causes the ETC to be able to produce so much more energy than the other phases of respiration? |
The concentration gradient of hydrogen ions |
