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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aerobic respiration
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use of free oxygen
-eukaryotic cells can do both types |
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anaerobic respiration
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no free oxygen used
-make ATP by fermentation -mostly used by bacteria, prokaryotic cells can only do this type |
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photoautotrophs
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get energy from sun
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heterotrophs
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get energy by eating plants and one another
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start of all main energy releasing pathways
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start with same reactions in cytoplasm
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location of glycolysis
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cytoplasm
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start of glycolysis
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glucose (6 carbons)
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products of glycolysis
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2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 pyruvates
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ATP formation type in glycolysis
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substrate level phosphorylation
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PGAL
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half a glucose with a phosphate group added
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PGA
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PGAL gave up two electrons and an H+ ion to form PGA
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PEP
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reformed PGA molecule with water taken out
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pyruvate
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organic compound with 3 carbon backbone
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what goes into aerobic respiration?
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oxygen
fuel water |
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what comes out of aerobic respiration?
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excess water
carbon dioxide energy |
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location of acetyl coA formation
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matrix of mitochondria
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reactants of acetyl coA formation
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2 pyruvates (created from glycolysis)
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catalyst of acetyl coA formation
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coenzyme A
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waste product of acetyl coA formation
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carbon dioxide
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product of acetyl coA formation
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acetyl coA (2 molecules)
-2 carbon molecule |
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location of Krebs Cycle
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matrix of mitochondria
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start of Krebs Cycle
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acetyl coA (2 molecules)
-from acetyl coA formation |
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turns of the Krebs Cycle
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2 turns per glucose molecule
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ATP formation type for Krebs Cycle
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substrate-level phosphorylation
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waste product of Krebs Cycle
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carbon dioxide
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key end products of Krebs Cycle
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8 NADH, 2 FADH2
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intermediates of Krebs Cycle
CIA |
Citrate
Isocitrate A-ketoglutarate |
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intermediates of Krebs Cycle
Secretly |
Succinyl CoA
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intermediates of Krebs Cycle
Searches |
Succinate
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intermediates of Krebs Cycle
For |
Fumarate
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intermediates of Krebs Cycle
Marked |
Malate
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intermediates of Krebs Cycle
Organizations |
Oxaloacetate
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location of electron transport
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inner and outer mitochondrial compartments
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what does electron transport need to occur?
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hydrogen carriers
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waste product of electron transport
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water (sweat)
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ATP formation type for electron transport
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electron transport phosphorylation (oxidative), most efficient form of energy creation
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amount of ATP per glucose molecule in electron transport
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32-34 ATP
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aerobic respiration summary
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glycolysis= 2 ATP
acetyl coA/Krebs= 2 ATP electron transport= 32-34 ATP TOTAL= 36-38 ATP |
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anaerobic respiration quote to remember
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YOU MUST FREE THE NADS.
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summary of fermentation
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energy gains: none
goal: free the NADS (allows glycolysis to continue) |
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fermentation's sustaining abilities
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- enough energy to sustain some single-celled anaerobic species
-helps aerobic cells when very little oxygen -can't sustain large organism |
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alcoholic fermentation (PLANTS)
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-3 carbon backbone of 2 pyruvates from glycolysis split
-acetaldehyde (intermediate) and CO2 form -ethanol formed when acet. accepts e-/H+ from NADH |
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lactic fermentation (ANIMALS)
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NADH gives up e-/H+ to pyruvate
-pyruvate converted to lactate (3 carbons) |
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slow twitch muscle fibers
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-support light, steady, prolonged activity
-make ATP by aerobic only, many mitochrondria -a lot of myoglobin (pigment, binds/stores O2) |
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fast twitch muscle fibers
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-no myoglobin, pale colored
-use lactate fermentation to make ATP -when energy needs are immediate/intense -create ATP quickly, not very long |
