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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromosome |
rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins |
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Chromatid |
Each half of a chromosome |
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Centromere |
The two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point called a centromere |
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Chromatin |
The less tightly coiled DNA-protein complex |
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Sex Chromosome |
chromosomes that determine the gender of an organism and also may carry genes for other characteristics |
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Autosomes |
all of the other chromosomes in an organism |
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Homologous Chromosomes |
The two copies of each autosome |
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Karyotype |
a photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human |
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Diploid |
Cells having two sets of chromosomes are diploid |
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Haploid |
Cells that only contain one set of chromosomes |
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Binary Fission
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the division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells
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Mitosis |
a type of cell division that results in new cells with genetic material that is identical with the genetic material of the original cell. |
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Asexual Reproduction |
the reproduction of offspring from one parent |
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Meiosis |
A type of cell division that occurs during the formation of gametes and reduces the chromosome number by half in new cells |
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Gametes |
Haploid reproductive cells |
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Interphase
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the time between cell divisions
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Cytokinesis |
the division of the cell's cytoplasm |
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Crossing-Over |
When portions of chromatids break off and attach to adjacent chromatids on the homologous chromosome |
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Genetic Recombination |
when a new mixture of genetic material is created |
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Independent Assortment |
The random separation of the homologous chromosomes |
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Cell Plate
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Vesicles from the Golgi Apparatus that join together at the midline of the dividing cell
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