Cell Processes

Front 1

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Back 1

Autotrophs can make their own food while Heterotrophs consume their food.
AUTOTROPH:plant HETEROTROPH: human

Front 2

Where is energy stored?

Back 2

In the process of photosynthesis chemical energy is stored in the bonds of sugar/glucose.

Front 3

What is the difference between carbohydrates, lipids and ATP in terms of energy storage?

Back 3

Carbohydrates serve as a short term energy source while Lipids serve as a long term energy source. ATP provides immediate energy.

Front 4

What is the difference between ATP and ADP?

Back 4

ATP is the energy molecule that gives energy to the cells, while ADP has one less phosphate group and contains more potential energy because more bonds could be broken.ATP is the energy that powers your body. ADP is what is left after the energy is released

Front 5

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Back 5

H20 and CO2/ water and carbon dioxide

Front 6

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Back 6

O2 and C6H12O6/ Oxygen and glucose

Front 7

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis

Back 7

H20 + CO2 = O2 + C6H12O6
^
sunlight

Front 8

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Back 8

the chloroplast

Front 9

What is a pigment?

Back 9

a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light

Front 10

What is a plant's principle pigment?

Back 10

Chlorophyll

Front 11

What are high energy electron carriers?

Back 11

molecules that contain such high energy in their bonds that their main function is to store and transport energy

Front 12

What high energy electron carrier is used during photosynthesis?

Back 12

NADP+

Front 13

What are the two parts of photosynthesis?

Back 13

Light independent and Light dependent

Front 14

Where does the light independent reaction take place?

Back 14

the stroma

Front 15

Where does the light dependent take place?

Back 15

thylakoid membranes

Front 16

What is another name for the light independent reaction?

Back 16

the calvin cycle

Front 17

What factors affect photosynthesis?

Back 17

amount of light
temperature
amount of carbon dioxide
amount of water

Front 18

What is cellular respiration?

Back 18

A process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food.

Front 19

What is the first stage of cellular respiration?

Back 19

Glycolysis

Front 20

What determines the direction cellular respiration will go after glycolysis?

Back 20

the presence of oxygen

Front 21

What are the two different pathways cellular respiration can take after glycolysis?

Back 21

anaerobic or aerobic respiration

Front 22

What are the two different types of anaerobic respiration?

Back 22

lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

Front 23

What are the products of lactic acid fermentation?

Back 23

Lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and ATP

Front 24

What are the products of alcohol fermentation?

Back 24

carbon dioxide, water.alcohol, ATP energy

Front 25

What type of fermentation do humans experience?

Back 25

lactic acid fermentation

Front 26

How can you tell if lactic acid fermentation has taken place in the human body?

Back 26

when the oxygen supply is inadequate to support energy production

Front 27

What are the two steps of aerobic fermentation in order?

Back 27

Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain

Front 28

How many total ATPs are generated in aerobic cellular respiration? Where do they come from?

Back 28

36-38 from the Krebs cycle and Electron transport chain

Front 29

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Back 29

C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + Energy Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Front 30

Where does glycolysis take place?

Back 30

cytoplasm

Front 31

Where does anaerobic respiration take place?

Back 31

muscles/cytoplasm

Front 32

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Back 32

mitochondria

Front 33

How does the equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate to each other?

Back 33

Photosynthesis makes the energy(ATP), then the cellular respiration breaks it down to create food.
The Formula is similar, but in opposite directions.

Front 34

Why is it important that cells not get to large and maintain a high surface area to volume ration?

Back 34

small cells enable nutrients and oxygen to diffuse into the cell quickly and allow waste to diffuse out of the cell quickly. If the cells were any bigger than this then it would take too long for the nutrients and oxygen to diffuse into the cell so the cell would probably not survive. a large enough surface area to allow all the oxygen and nutrients they need to diffuse through.

Front 35

Explain the process that DNA goes through as it goes through the cell cycle?

Back 35

starts with interphase, in which the cell starts out in a resting state and then starts to prepare itself for division. In interphase, the cell makes two sets of its DNA, and the organelles in the cell also double

Front 36

Write out the steps of the cell cycle, include the different phases of mitosis.

Back 36

Interphase-G1 S G2 Mitosis-pro phase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase-cytokinesis

Front 37

Explain what occurs during each phase of the cell cycle (including mitosis).

Back 37

Prophase is the first phase is when the two sister chromatids pair up and the nucleoli disappears.
Metaphase is the third phase where the chromosomes are lined up on the invisible line of the metaphase plate.
Anaphase is the fourth phase where the two daughter chromosomes begin to separate from each other to opposite poles.
Telophase is the last phase where the two daughter nuclei form creating two identical nuclei.
G1 phase called the growth phase amino acids to form millions of proteins and later on enzymes that are required in S phase, mainly those needed for DNA replication
S phase DNA replication commences; when it is complete, all of the chromosomes have been replicated, i.e., each chromosome has two (sister) chromatids. Thus, during this phase, the amount of DNA in the cell has effectively doubled
G2 phase the cell will continue to grow ensures that everything is ready to enter the M (mitosis) phase and divide.

Front 38

Which phases of the cell cycle make up cellular division?

Back 38

prophase, meta phase,anaphase. telaphase, g1 phase,s phase, g2 phase

Front 39

During which phase does a cell spend the majority of its time?

Back 39

interphase