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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HEMOSTASIS AND BLOOD COAGULATION
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Hemostasis is?
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prevention of blood loss thru
vascular constriction formation of platelet blood clot |
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Vascular Constriction:
trauma results in _____ muscle contraction that reduces blood flow from ruptured vessel |
smooth
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Platelet properties:
what are the three contractile proteins? |
actin, myosin, thrombosthenin
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Platelet properties:
ER and golgi apparatus residual produce? |
enzymes and store calcium
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Platelets properties:
cell surface, Glycocalyx adheres to? |
injured areas.
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Formation of platelet plug:
platelets come into ______ w/ damaged tissue. platelets swell and ______ |
contact
attach |
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Formation:
_____ forcefully and secret granules. |
Contract
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secrete ADP and enzymes that form?
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thromboxane A2
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All of the above things form a loose platelet plug capable of closing______ ruptures.
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minute
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Formation of blood clot in more severe trauma. What are the 4 main steps?
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1. platelet agglutinate- loose clot
2. fibrin appears 3. fibrin clot forms 4. clot retraction occurs |
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General mechanism of blood coagulation-
1. trauma causes cascade of chem rxns which causes formation of? |
prothrombin activator
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2. _____ ____ catalyzes conversion of prothrombin into thrombin
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prothrombin activator
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3. ____ acts as an enzyme to convert _____ into ____ fibers that enmesh platlets, blood cells
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thrombin
fibrinogen fibrin |
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Clot COntraction:
expresses most of the fluid out of clot= _____ platelets are necesary for ____ ____ |
serum
clot contraction |
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initiation of coagulation: formation of prothrombin activator
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Extrinsic pathway is initiated by?
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traumitized tissue releasing tissue factor
-can be explosive as little as 15 seconds |
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Intrinsic pathway- trauma to the blood or exposure of the blood to?
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collagen
-initiated by contact factor XII\may take 1-6 minutes |
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both pathways initiate clotting______
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simultaneously
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both pathways end with X and V combining to form _______ activator
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prothrombin
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____ is required in both pathways.
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calcium
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Clotting factors
I is? II is? III is? IV is? VIII is? |
I- fibrinogen
II-ptohtrombin III-thromboplastin IV- calcium VIII- von Willebrands factor |
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Clot prevention in normal vascular systems.
what are the 4 anticoagulants? |
1. thrombomodulin
2. fibrin fibers- absorb most of thrombin during clot formation 3. Antithrombin III/ antithrombin-heparin cofactor 4. Heparin |
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Lysis of blood clots: breakdown;
Plasminogen activates to form? |
plasmin
-plasmin digests fibrin fibers and other coagulants |
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what are the three steps of lysis?
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1. after clot formation, bleeding stops, injured tissues release TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR
2. activates plaminogen into plasmin 3. removes clot |
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LIVER DISEASE
blood clotting factors formed by liver. hepatitis, cirrhosis, acute yellow atrophy will depress??/ |
clotting system
-pt will develop sever tendency to bleed Vit K deficiency |
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Bleeding diseases-
Classic hemophilia- factor VIII is ______. |
missing
-mostly in males, transmitted thru female chromosome |
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Von Willebrands Disease- missing the larger component of ??
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factor VII
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Thrombocytopenia-
lacking ____? |
platelets
-tend to bleed from smaller veins and capillaries -causes appearance of "purpura" |
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Thrombis is?
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abnormal clot in vessel
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Emboli is?
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when thrombis breaks away from wall of vessel, freely flowing
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when it originates from left side of heart, flows peripherally and blocks vessels in?
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brain and kidney
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originating in right side of heart, flows into lung which is?
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pulmonary embolism
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