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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Signal transduction |
Information converted from one form to another |
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Signaling cell, signal molecule, target cell, receptor protein |
Components of cell signaling (4) |
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Adrenaline |
Endocrine hormone originating from adrenal gland that increases heart rate, blood pressure and metabolism |
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Glucagon |
Endocrine hormone originating from pancreas that stimulates glucose synthesis, glycogen and lips breakdown |
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Glucagon |
Endocrine hormone originating from pancreas that stimulates glucose synthesis, glycogen and lips breakdown |
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Insulin |
Endocrine hormone that originates from pancreas and stimulates glucose uptake, protein and lipid synthesis |
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Bloodstream |
Endocrine signals are transmitted through ____ |
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Bloodstream |
Endocrine signals are transmitted through ____ |
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Extra cellular medium |
Paracrine signals are transmitted through _____ |
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Autocrine signaling |
Form of paracrine communication in which signaling and target cell are same |
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Autocrine signaling |
Form of paracrine communication in which signaling and target cell are same |
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Epidermal growth factor |
Paracrine mediator that originates from various cells and stimulates epidermal cell proliferation |
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Autocrine signaling |
Form of paracrine communication in which signaling and target cell are same |
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Epidermal growth factor |
Paracrine mediator that originates from various cells and stimulates epidermal cell proliferation |
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Nitric oxide |
Paracrine mediator that originates from nerves and endothelial cells as a dissolved gas that functions as a vasodilator and regulates nerve activity |
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Axons |
Neuronal signals are transmitted through ____ over long disyances |
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Axons |
Neuronal signals are transmitted through ____ over long disyances |
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Acetylcholine |
Neurotransmitter that originates from nerve terminals and excites muscles |
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Axons |
Neuronal signals are transmitted through ____ over long disyances |
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Acetylcholine |
Neurotransmitter that originates from nerve terminals and excites muscles |
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Embryonic devlopment |
Contact dependent signaling most important during ______ |
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Axons |
Neuronal signals are transmitted through ____ over long disyances |
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Metabotropic receptors |
Receptors that use second messengers and are indirectly linked with ion transporters, ex: muscat unix teceptors |
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Acetylcholine |
Neurotransmitter that originates from nerve terminals and excites muscles |
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Embryonic devlopment |
Contact dependent signaling most important during ______ |
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Nicotinic receptors |
Acetylcholine activates _____ to induce skeletal muscle contration |
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Muscarinic receptors |
Acetylcholine activates _____ to induce cardiac muscle relaxation |
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Non genomic actions |
Exhibited by extra cellular signal molecules that act quickly and alter protein functuon |
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Genomic actions |
Exhibited by extra cellular signals that act slowly and alter protein synthesis |
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Cell surface receptors |
Hydrophilic signal molecules act on cell through _____ |
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Intracellular receptors |
Hydrophobic signal molecules act on cell through _____ |
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Ionotropic receptors |
Receptors that directly function as ion transporters, do not use second messengers, ex: nicotine content receptors |
