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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what can we find in the basement membrane of of skin? |
integrin based focal adhesions (ACTIN) hemidesmosomes (KERATIN) laminin and anchoring fibril |
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what characterizes the stratum basale of the skin? |
regenerative capacity, polarity complexes |
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what do we find in the stratum basale? |
nuclei adherens junctions (ACTIN) DESMOSOMES GAP JUNCTIONS |
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What characterizes stratum spinosum of the skin? |
increase in adhesions |
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What do we find in stratum spinosum of the skin? |
same thing as in stratum basale |
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What characterizes stratum granulosum? |
assembly of cornified envelope |
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what can you find in stratum granulosum |
basically same thing as in stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum EXCEPT also find: TIGHT JUNCTIONS Keratohyalin granules |
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Why are tight junctions higher up in the skin strata? |
because stratum granulosum begins to act as a barrier with stratum corneum on top. |
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cardiac myocytes junction disease is? |
made up of intercalated discs desmosomes and adherens junction keep the cells together and allow the gap junction to form |
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what kind of defect can happen in cardiac myocyte junction disease? |
arythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy arrhitmia (irregular heart beat) tachycaridia (fast heart beat) mutation in one more more of the proteins found in desmosomes (e.g. desmoglien) or in accesssory proteins (Plaktoglobin, desmin) which attach to IF or in adherens junctions (e.g. N-cadherin) |
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what happens with cell-cell junctions in cancer? |
the junctions are lost, reprogramming, turn mesenchymal |
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what types of tumor do you have in skin? |
carcinoma |
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what type of cancer is carcinoma? |
cancer of skin or tissue that line internal organs of epithelial origin |
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What subtypes of carcinoma are there? |
adenocarcinoma basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma |
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What is metastasis? |
migration of tumor cells from tissue of origin (primary site) to other parts of the body almost always the cause of death in cancer (90%) |
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How can tumor cells that are epithelial in origin migrate and invade other tissue (metastasis)? |
in a process that includes Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) |
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What is a mesenchymal marker? |
vimentin |
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what are the properties of epithelial cells? |
-cells bound tightly together into sheets called epithelia -ECM is rare (except Basal Lamina) -Derived from all 3 germ layers -often functions as a barrier |
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What type of tissue epithelial cell is formed from each germ layer? |
ectoderm - Epidermis endoderm - Gastrointestinal tract mesoderm - inner lining of body cavity |
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Where do we find simple squamous epithelial cells? |
alveoli bowman's capsule endothelial cells |
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where do we find simple cuboidal epithelium cells? |
kidney tubule lining of exocrine glands |
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Where do we find stratified squamous epithelium? |
epidermis esophagus mouth lining |
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where do we find stratified cuboidal epithelium? |
sweat glands salivary glands |
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where do we find stratified columnar epithelium? |
urethera |
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what kind of epithelium do we find in small intestine? |
simple columnar epithelium |
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what kind of epithelium do we find in epidermis? |
stratified squamous epithelium |
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what kind of epithelium do we find in salivary glands? |
stratified cuboidal epithelium |
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what are the properties of absorptive epithelia? |
-polar (apical and basolateral membranes) -barrier function: selective movement of molecules -increased surface area (microvili) -avascular |
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what kind of transport is transcellular? |
through apical and basolateral layers, needs a carrier or a channel to get inside the cell |
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what are the characteristics of simple diffusion? |
-down the concentration gradient -passive transport -small, hydrophobic cells can pass -hydrophilic molecules need channels |
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what are the characteristics of facilitated diffusion? |
down concentration gradient passive no energy required (ATP) SPECIFIC LIMITED CAPACITY: can be saturated can be competitively inhibited |
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What are the characteristics of secondary active transport? |
same as facilitated diffusion BUT one molecule moves down its concentration gradient and drives the other one with it... so the initial molecule uses ATP |
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what are the characteristics of active transport? |
requires ATP specific limited capacity can be saturated can be competitively inhibited |
