Molecular Basis Of Life

Front 1

Biochemistry

Back 1

The study of chemical reactions in the cell, and the molecules and the processes involved in them

Hint 1

Reactions

Front 2

Polar

Back 2

Word used to describe oppositely charged "poles"

Hint 2

Opposites

Front 3

Organic compounds

Back 3

Molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen

Front 4

Macromolecules

Back 4

Very large molecules composed of smaller subunits

Hint 4

Macro means large

Front 5

Carbohydrates

Back 5

Carbons with water attached to them. They provide short-long term energy storage

Front 6

Monosaccharide

Back 6

A carbohydrate with 3-7 carbon atoms, a simple sugar

Front 7

Disaccharide

Back 7

Made up of two simple sugars

Hint 7

Di means two

Front 8

Polysaccharides

Back 8

Many simple sugars linked together

Hint 8

Poly means many

Front 9

Function of starch

Back 9

Energy storage in plants

Hint 9

Potato light bulb

Front 10

Function of glycogen

Back 10

Energy storage in animals

Front 11

Cellulose

Back 11

A large polysaccharide macromolecule produced by plants

Front 12

Lipids

Back 12

Macromolecules that doesn't dissolve in water

Front 13

5 Lipids purposes

Back 13

1. Long term nutrient/energy storage

2. Insulation

3. Cushioning of internal organs

4. Hormones to send messages

5. Structural component in cell membrane

Front 14

Fatty acid

Back 14

Hydrocarbon chain with a COOH group of atoms instead of a hydrogen

Front 15

3 protein functions

Back 15

1. Facilitate chemical reactins as enzymes

2. Transport substances

3. Chemical messenger

Front 16

Amino acid

Back 16

Building blocks of protein

Front 17

Peptide bond

Back 17

A chemical linkage

Front 18

Essential amino acids

Back 18

Eight amino acids that must be consumed by humans because the body can't make them

Front 19

Nucleic acids purpose

Back 19

Direct the growth and development of living things using a chemical code

Front 20

Nucleotides

Back 20

Long chains of links subunits in nucleic acids

Front 21

Explain diffusion

Back 21

When molecules go through the membrane because there is a low concentration of it in the cell or vice versa. Small, uncharged cell.

Hint 21

High to

Front 22

Concentration Gradient

Back 22

Difference in concentrations between two regions

Front 23

What is osmosis

Back 23

Diffusion of a solvent (WATER)

Front 24

Describe isotonic conditions

Back 24

When the water concentration inside the cell is the same as the outside of it

Front 25

Describe hypotonic conditions

Back 25

When the water concentration is greater than in the cell, so water goes into the cell

Hint 25

The cell swells

Front 26

Describe hypertonic

Back 26

When the water concentration in the cell is greater than outside of it, so water moves out of the cell

Hint 26

The cell shrinks

Front 27

Describe facilitated diffusion

Back 27

When a certain shaped, sized and charged transport protein helps big or insoluble molecules get through the bilayer

Hint 27

Think of the claw

Front 28

What does a carrier protein do?

Back 28

Facilitates the movement of molecules through the membrane

Front 29

What is the function of channel proteins?

Back 29

A tunnel like shape that lets charged particles to pass through the membrane.

Front 30

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Back 30

Active transport uses ATP to get molecules into the cell, while passive transport doesn't

Front 31

What is ATP

Back 31

Adenosine triphosphate; universal energy unit in cells.

Front 32

Define Active transport

Back 32

Moving substances across the membrane against the concentration gradient

Front 33

Define homeostasis

Back 33

Maintaining steady conditions in a living thing

Hint 33

"Home"

Front 34

4 examples of active transport in the body

Back 34

1. Kidney cells get glucose/amino acids out of urine and into blood

2. Intestine cells get in nutrients

3. Root cells get nutrients from soil

4. Gill cells(fish)get out sodium ions

Front 35

Describe the active transport pump

Back 35

Trades 3 positive sodium ions in the cell for 2 positive potassium ions outside the cell

Front 36

What's endocytosis?

Back 36

The cell fold in on itself, trapping matter, and getting it in the cell

Hint 36

Endo means within

Front 37

What are 3 types of endocytosis

Back 37

Pinocytosis (cell drinking)

Phagocytosis (cell eating)

Receptor-assisted endocytosis(picky eater)

Hint 37

Front 38

What is exocytosis?

Back 38

A vehicle in the cell binds with the cell membrane, spitting its contents into extracellular fluid

Hint 38

Exo...exit...cytosis