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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Name 5 organelles |
*Lysosomes *Mitochondria *ER (smooth and rough) *Golgi *Cytoskeleton *Nucleus |
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Lysosome |
'Digester of the cell' Vesicles/sacs with enzymes that can break down macromolecules |
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Mitochondria |
'PowerHouse of the cell' Responsible for cell respiration. Source for ATP. Has own DNA |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Smooth ER - site of synthesis for lipids, phospholipids etc. Rough ER - studded with ribosomes, translation of RNA to protein, vesicles bud off and transport to golgi apparatus |
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Golgi |
'Recycler of Proteins in the cell' Sorting of proteins for delivery to sites in need. (E.g. Recycling of neurotransmitters that have been broken down in the synapse) |
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Nucleus |
'Controller of the cell' Contains genetic material, DNA, in chromosomes. |
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Name features of a neuron |
*Dendrites *Soma (cell body) *Cell nucleus *Axon *Myelin Sheath *Node of Ranvier *Axonal terminal |
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Describe the process of information being passed from neuron to neuron |
1# Information received 'excitation' - from dendrites 2# Summation of excitation. Is it sufficient for action potential generation? - passing through soma #3 Action potential generation (starts up) and propagated (transmits) - along axon 4# Information sent - at axon terminal |
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A Neuron's myelin sheath is formed by...? |
In the CNS - Oligodendrocytes In the PNS - Shwann cells |
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Define Action Potential. *What goes in and what comes out? |
An electrical signal, generated by movement of charged ions moving through ion channels within the plasma membrane. Sodium (Na+) goes IN Potassium (K+) goes OUT |
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Describe the process of an Action Potential |
1a. Excitation occurs. This is a depolarization of the membrane, which causes Na+ channels in the first part of the axon to open. 1b. Na+ ions flood into the axon causing further depolarization. 2a. Depolarization causes Na+ channels in the second part of the axon to open and Na+ ions to open here. 2b. In the first part of the axon Na+ channels close (inactivation) and K+ channels open - this is a slow response to the earlier depolarization. 3. This process continues along the axon. Inactivation of Na+ channels prevents the excitation flowing backwards. |
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What happens at the chemical synapse? |
At the axonal terminal neurotransmitters are released by exocytosis. This is stimulated by depolarization of the plasma membrane by an action potential. |
The answer contains 6 key words |
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What happens at the chemical synapse? |
At the axonal terminal neurotransmitters are released by exocytosis. This is stimulated by depolarization of the plasma membrane by an action potential. |
The answer contains 6 key words |
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Neurotransmitter: Glutamate Is it EXCITATORY or INHIBITORY? What is its RECEPTOR(S) |
Glutamate: EXCITATORY RECEPTOR(S) - AMPA, NMDA |
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Neurotransmitter: AcetylcholineIs it EXCITATORY or INHIBITORY? What is its RECEPTOR(S) |
Acetylcholine: EXCITATORY RECEPTOR(S) - Nicotinic, Muscarinic |
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Neurotransmitter: SerotoninIs it EXCITATORY or INHIBITORY? What is its RECEPTOR(S) |
Serotonin: EXCITATORY RECEPTOR(S) - 5HT 1-7 |
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I am EXCITATORY and my receptors are D1-5 What am I? |
Dopamine |
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I am EXCITATORY and my receptors are alpha and beta What am I? |
Adrenaline and Noradrenaline |
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Neurotransmitter: GABAIs it EXCITATORY or INHIBITORY? What is its RECEPTOR(S) |
GABA: INHIBITOR RECEPTOR(S) -GABA a,b |
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I am INHIBITORY and my receptor is GlyR What am I? |
Glycine |
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Why are neurons susceptible to disease? Explain. |
* Has a Complex Function: - Huge range of genes involved. * Has High Demands: - Transports cargo over long distances - High energy requirements * Long lived -Terminally differentiated, lasting entire lifetime - Stress associated with ageing neurons (e.g. Mitochondria,degrading dysfunctional proteins) |
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