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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the cell cycle?
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The sequence of events from the time a cell is formed until it completes dividing into two seperate daughter cells.
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What are the 3 stages of mitosis?
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Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
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Explain G1 Interphase.
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Includes cell growth, and is when most dividing cells get the signal to begin division and enter s interphase. Cells that do not divide stay in this stage.
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What happens in S interphase?
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Chromosome replication, each replica is connected by a centromere.
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What is a chromatid?
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each replica of a chromosome.
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Explain G2 Interphase.
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Many components of the mitotic apparatus are being synthesized.
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What is the mitotic apparatus?
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Apparatus playing an essential role in mitosis and provides the mechanism by which the replicated chromosomes of the dividing cell are distributed between the daughter cells.
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Name the six components of the mitotic apparatus.
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centrioles, aster rays, chromosomes, centromeres, centrosomes, spindle fibers.
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What part of this apparatus do plants lack?
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centrioles and aster rays
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What are aster rays?
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Short microtubules surrounding centrosomes.
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What are chromosomes?
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molecules of DNA and their associated proteins, each chromosome consists of two chromatids after replication.
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What are centrioles?
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Short, rodlike structures composed of 9 triplets of microtubules. They are only visible during cell division.
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Centrosomes
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The area surrounding the centrioles.
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Spindle Fibers
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Long microtubules that attach to chromosomes at the centromeres and move them during mitosis.
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Centromere.
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Area where two sister chromatids are connected. Contains the protein kinetochore that attaches to spindle fibers in metaphase.
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What is Mitosis?
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The division of the nucleus in a cell that has already replicated its chromosomes so that two new nuclei are formed. Each nuclei is identical to the parent cell.
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What are the stages of mitosis?
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Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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What occurs during prophase?
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Chromosomes begin to condense and become visisble.
Centrioles are migrating to opposite poles. Spindle fibers are forming outside the nucleus and the nucleolus disappears. Nuclear membrane is breaking down. Ends when the nuclear membrane is completely gone. |
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What occurs during metaphase?
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Spindle fibers move into the center of the cell.
Spindle fibers attach to each chromosome at the centromere and align the chromosomes across the equator of the cell. |
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Explain Anaphase.
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The chromosomes seperate at the centromere and move to opposite poles.
Ends when each chromosome reaches its pole |
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What occurs during telophase?
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a new nuclear membrane froms around the chromosomes at each pole.
Chromosomes become long and threadlike again and are not visible as seperate objects. Nucleoli reappears. Spindle fibers, centriles and asters disappear. Cytokinesis occurs. |
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What is cytokinesis?
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The division of the cytoplasm resulting in two new cells.
Mitosis without cytokinesis results in multinecleated cells. |
