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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cells are divided into what two groups |
sex cells (sperm and ova [egg]) somatic cells (all other cells) |
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two subdivisions of the cell cycle |
interphase metaphase |
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which phase of cell cycle is the cell not dividing? what happens instead |
interphase DNA is replicated |
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how long does mitosis take? |
8-12 hours (rest is all in interphase) |
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3 steps during prophase of mitosis |
1. chromatin becomes supercoiled to form chromosomes 2. spindle fibers extend from centrioles to centromere 3. nuclear membrane and nucleolus are dismantled (not destroyed bc it comes back/reforms) |
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chromatin are made up of... |
1/2 DNA 1/2 proteins |
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double stranded DNA |
chromosomes |
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how many chromatids make up one chromosome |
two
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a chromosome is two chromatids joined by a _______ |
centromere |
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one of the duplicated DNA strands is called a... |
chromatid |
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in metaphase of mitosis, _____ line up along center of cell, called the _____ |
chromosomes equatorial/metaphase plate |
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2 steps during anaphase |
1. two chromatids split apart at centromere 2. each chromatid (A SINGLE STRAND OF DNA) is pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers |
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3 steps of telophase |
1. chromosomes uncoil (back to chromatin) 2. nuclear envelope and nucleolus reform 3. cleavage furrow develops |
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cytokinesis is... |
the division of the cytoplasm (usually occurs) |
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meiosis is cell division where ____ are formed |
gametes (sex cells [sperm cells and egg cells (ova)]) |
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mitosis produces ___(#) cells containing ___(#) chromosomes, which is... |
2 cells 46 chromosomes 23 pairs of single-strands of DNA |
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meiosis produces ___(#) cells with ____ single strands of DNA |
only 23 single strands of DNA (not 23 pairs like mitosis) |
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meiosis start of w/ ____ chromosomes |
23 pairs of chromosomes |
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during interphase of meiosis, the DNA is _____ and the cell now contains ______ chromosomes |
duplicated 23 pairs of double-stranded chromosomes (92 single strands) |
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are the two meiotic divisions consecutive? |
yes |
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tetrad |
a group of 4 chromatids (2 chromosomes) |
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in telophase I, _____ are separated |
the tetrads (homologous chromosomes) |
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in meiosis how many cells are produced and how many single strands of DNA do they have |
23 single strands |
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meiosis starts out with ___ pairs of chromosomes |
23 pairs |
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in meiosis, one set of chromosomes comes from _____ and other set from _____ |
mother father |
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what is most important thing that happens in interphase |
DNA gets duplicated |
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after being duplicated n interphase, the cell before the start of meiosis now contains ___ pairs of ___ chromosomes |
23 pairs of double-stranded chromosomes |
