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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are telomeres shorter in prokaryotic cells than eukaryotic?
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No.
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Prokaryotic cells divide through what process?
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Binary fission.
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In multicellular organisms, cells that undergo mitotic division but not meiotic division are called ____ cells.
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Somatic
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The ____ marks the break in the cell cycle between the end of mitosis and beginning of the DNA synthesis stage.
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Gap 1 phase
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Mitosis results in:
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Daughter cells with the same number and composition of chromosomes
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When is it easiest to see chromosomes with a light microscope?
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During mitosis and meiosis because the condensed chromosomes are thicker and more prominent
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Do tumors contain cells with abnormally high contact inhibition?
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No.
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During meiosis but not during mitosis:
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Genetic variation among the daughter cells is increased.
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Sister chromatids are:
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Identical molecules of DNA resulting from replication.
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What does not occur during prophase 1 of meiosis?
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Homologous pairs of chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
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A karyotype reveals:
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The number, shapes, and sizes of chromosomes in an individual cell.
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What is the chromosomal abnormality that leads to Down syndrome?
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Trisomy 21
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What is a telomere?
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Protective caps at the ends of DNA that get shorter with each division.
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In prokaryotes, where is genetic information carried?
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In a single, circular chromosome attached to the cell membrane.
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How is genetic information organized in eukaryotes?
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Linear chromosomes that float freely in the nucleus.
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What occurs during the mitotic phase?
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Cell division
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What phases of cell division allow for growth?
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The gap phases during interphase.
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What happens during the DNA synthesis phase?
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Replication, where chromosomes create duplicates of themselves.
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What is the centromere?
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The center region after replication where the chromosomes are attached to each other.
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What are gametes?
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Reproductive cells, or sex cells.
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What is the purpose of mitosis?
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To enable existing cells to generate new genetically identical cells for growth and replacement.
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What is apoptosis?
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The process of planned cell suicide.
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What happens during prophase of mitosis?
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Membrane breaks down, sister chromatids condense, a spindle forms.
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What happens during metaphase of mitosis?
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The sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell.
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What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
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Sister chromatid pairs are pulled apart by the spindle fibers to opposite sides of the cell.
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What happens during telophase of mitosis?
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The chromosomes begin to uncoil as the nuclear membrane surrounds them.
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What is fertilization?
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The process of two reproductive cells fusing together.
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What's the difference between diploid and haploid?
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Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome (humans, animals..) and haploid is only one copy.
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What does crossing over mean during meiosis?
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Sister chromatids next to each other swap little segments that creates genetically unique sperm or egg cells.
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What are histones?
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Proteins wrapped by DNA that enable a tight coil and prevent tangles.
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What causes progeria?
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A lack of Laminin A where telomeres are chorter than normal and cause rapid aging.
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What is cancer?
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Unrestrained cell growth and division.
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What are autosomes?
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Non-sex chromosomes.
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What is aneuploidy?
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Having too many or too few of a chromosome.
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