Cell Cycle

Front 1

What is a cell cycle?

Back 1

The events from one cell division to the next

Front 2

What are the steps of Mitosis?

Back 2

1. Interphase: the cell carries out its everyday functions and prepares for mitosis. Duplicates DNA

2. Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and become visible.Nuclear membrane breaks down. Homologous Proteins attach at the centrometre. Centrioles go to opposite poles of the cell and produce spindle fibres

3. Metaphase: chromosomes align along the middle of the cell(equatorial plate)

4. Anaphase: centrometres holding the chromosome together split. spindel fibres contract.

5. Telophase: nuclear membrames reform

6. Cytokinesis : cleavage furrow/ cell plate forms

Front 3

At what phase(s) does the nuclear membrane breaks down?

Back 3

Prophase

Front 4

At what phase(s) does the chromosomes condense and become visible?

Back 4

Prophase

Front 5

At what phase do spindle fibres bind and alight chromosomes?

Back 5

metaphase

Front 6

At what phase do chromosomes separate?

Back 6

anaphase

Front 7

At what phase does the nuclear membrane reform

Back 7

Telophase

Front 8

define nuclear envelope

Back 8

the membrane that separates the contents of the nucleus (mostly DNA) from the cytosol.

Front 9

define chromosome

Back 9

a highly organized and tightly coiled structure of DNA and Protein

Front 10

define centriole

Back 10

organelles where spindle fibres are produced

Front 11

define chromatid

Back 11

one-half of a duplicated chromosome joined at centromeres.

Front 12

Define Cancer

Back 12

a group of disorders in which cells lose the ability to control the rate of mitosis

Front 13

Benign Cancer

Back 13

when cells lose the rate of mitosis. This is a friendly cancer (cells do not do metastasis) . (warts and skin tags)

Front 14

Malignant Cancer

Back 14

a life threatening Cancer in which the cancerous cells undergo metastasis

Front 15

Metastasis

Back 15

is the process of cancerous cells leaving their original tumor and spreading across the body

Front 16

Carcinogen

Back 16

a cancer causing agent

~ UV light

~Cigarette Smoke

Front 17

Oncogen

Back 17

a gene which if mutated cause cancer (a gene which controls rate of mitosis)

Front 18

Cell Conitinuity

Back 18

is the way in which cells arise from pre-existing cells of the same type

Front 19

Chromatin

Back 19

Long thin threads of unorganized chromosomes (when the cell is not dividing)

Front 20

Autosomes

Back 20

the first 22 pairs genes (everyday functioning)

Front 21

Sex Chromosomes

Back 21

the 23rd pair of Chromosomes control gender/sex (XX= female) ( XY= male)

Front 22

A Gene

Back 22

is a short region of the chromosome which contains the code for the production of a protein

Front 23

Homologous Pairs

Back 23

Chromosomes which control the same characteristics but not necessarily the same gene. They have the same centrometre position of gene loci

Front 24

Haploid Cells

Back 24

contain half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell . Sperm Cells and Egg Cells. They only contain one type of each chromosome. Produced by Meiosis

Front 25

Diploid Cells

Back 25

contains two types of each chromosomes produced by mitosis.

Front 26

Mitosis

Back 26

nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes in the daughter cell is the same as the number of chromosomes in the parent cell. Produces two daughter cells

Front 27

Meiosis

Back 27

is a type of cell division in which the daughter cells contain half of the number of chromosome as the parent cell. Produces four daughter cells