Cell Biology Lesson 7 Intracellular Vasicular Traffic

Front 1

Vesicular transport

Back 1

process by which membrane components and soluble proteins are transported within membran-bound vesicles between cellular compartments and to the cell exeterior

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Exocytosis

Back 2

transported of molecules to the plasma membrane and cell exterior via membrane bound vesicles

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Endocytosis

Back 3

cellular uptake of plasma membrane and extracellular fluid and molecules

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transport vesicles

Back 4

memb bound vesicles used to transport molecules between cellular compartments and the cell exterior

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retrieval (retrograde) pathway

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pathway used to transport molecules back to a previously ocupied cell compartment

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coated vesicles

Back 6

transport vesicles covered by a cage of proteins on its cytosolic surface

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clathrin-coated vesicles

Back 7

type of coated vesicle used in endocytosis and transport between endsomal and golgi compartments

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COPI-coated vesicles

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type of coated vesicle which bud from the golgi appartatus

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COPII coated vesc

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type of coated vescles bud from the ER

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Triskelions

Back 10

three-leggedprotein subunits of clathrin coats

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Dynamin

Back 11

Cytosolic ATPase which binds to the neck of membrane pits/buds and assists their pinching off from the membrane

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coat-recruitment GTPase

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Family of monomeric GTPases that assist in the recruitment of coat proteins to membranes

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Art proteins

Back 13

coat-recruitment GTPase responsible for COPI and clathrin coat assembly on golgi membranes

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Sar1

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coat-recruitment GTPase responsible for COPII coat assembly

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Rab Proteins

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Monomeric GTPases which associate with specific membranes and function in the specificty of vesicle docking

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SNAREs

Back 16

transmembrane proteins which catalyze membrane fusion between transport vesicles and organelle membranes

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Trans-SNARE complexes

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Complexes formed when the helical domains of v and t-SNAREs wrap together to facilitate vesicle -membrane fusion

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v-SNAREs

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SNARE proteins usually located on transport vesicle membranes

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t-SNAREs

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SNARE proteins usually located on organelle membranes

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NSF (N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor)

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ATPase involved in the disassociation of trans-SNARE complexes

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Homotypic fusion

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fusion of membranes from the same cellular compartment

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Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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formed by the fusion of ER-derived vesicles

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Retrieval Signals

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sorting signals directing the transport of a protein back to the ER

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Cisternae

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flattened enclosed membranes of the GA

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cis face

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regions of the GA where lipids and proteins enter from

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trans face

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regions of GA where lipids and proteins leave

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cis-golgi network CGN

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a collection of fused vesicular tubular clusters arriving at the cis-golgi from the ER

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trans-golgi network TGN

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region where trans-golgi are sorted into transport vesicles with distinct destination

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O-linked olgisaccharides

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oligosachhrides linked to serine or threonine residues as proteins moved through the golgi apparatus

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Vesicular transport model

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model of transport through GA in which vesicles transport proteins between static cisternae

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cisternal maturation model

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model of transport through the GA in which cisternae form continuously at the cis-face and migrate through the stack as they mature

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Acid hyrdolases

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hydrolic enzymes found in lysosomes which require a low pH environment for activity

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zymogens

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inactive enzymes requiring cleavage of N-terminal domains for activation

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Early endosomes

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organelle where endocytic vesicles first fuse

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Late endosomes

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organelle where degradation of molecules first begins

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endolysosomes

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organelles arising from the fusion of late endosomes and lysosomes

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lysosome

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cellular organelle with very low lumen pH where the degradation of molecules is completed

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autophagy

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process by which cellular organelles are delivered to lysosomes for degradation

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autophagosome

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double membrane enclosed organelle destined for degradation in lysosomes

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phagocytosis

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process by which microorganelles are taken in from the cell exterior for degradation in lysosomes

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phagosomes

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large endocytic vesicle containing microorganisms

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manose-6-phosphate

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sorting signal attached to hydrolases destined for endosomes

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Retromer-coated transport vesicles

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transport vesicles which recycle M6P receptor proteins back to the trans golgi network

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M6P receptor proteins

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transmembrane proteins whcih incorporate hydrolases into clathrin coated vesicles destined for endosomes

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phagocytic cells

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cells which specialize in the uptake of micro organisms from the extracellular environment

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pinocytosis

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cellular uptake of solutes and fluids

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pinocytic vesicles

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small endocytic vesicles containing extracellular fluids and ...?

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cell eating

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process aka phagocytosis

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cell drinking

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aka pinocytosis

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endocytic exocytic cycle

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maintaining a steady state by equilizing the uptake of plasma membrane (endo) to the return of the plasma membrane (exo).

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caveolae

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plasma membrane pinocytic invaginations lacking clathrin coats

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caveolins

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major structural transmembrane proteins present in caveolae

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caveosome

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endosome-like compartments to which caveolae vesicles fuse

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transcytosis

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process by which extracellular molecules from one side of a polarized cell are transported to the extracellular space on the opposite side

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clathrin dependent receptor mediated endocytosis

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transport of specific, receptor bound molecules into a cell by the process of endocytosis

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receptor down regulation

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process used to destroy specific receptor molecules in order to reduce a cell's sensitivity to a specific signaling molecule

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multi-vesicular bodies

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early endosomes in which membrane invaginations are formed in order to internalize receptor molecules and expose them to degradation by lysosomal hydrolases

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recycling endosome

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"way station" for vesicular traffic between early endosomes and the plasma membrane

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constitutive secretory pathway

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continuous delivery of vesicles to the plasma membrane from the trans-golgi

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regulated secretory pathway

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regulated release of molecules to the extracellular environment

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secretory vesicles/granules

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vesicles containing proteins to be released to the extracellular space in response to the appropriate signal

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secretory proteins

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proteins destines for the extracellular environment

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secretory cells

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specialized cells which participate in regulated secretory pathway

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melanosomes

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specialized lysosomes that store pigments for eventual release by exocytosis

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Synaptic vesicles

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specialized class of secretory vesicles that contain neurotransmitters