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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF)
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protein kinase that initiates entry into M phase
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cyclin
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regulatory subunit of MPF that increases and decreases as a function of the cell cycle
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catalytic subunit of MPF
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transfers Phosphate groups from ATP to serine and threonine
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Start (Late G1) and G2-M transition
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Two control points of cell cycle and require activation of the cdc2 kinase by a different cyclin
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Wee1
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In yeast cell cycle in keeps cdc2 inactive because it phosphorylates Tyr15
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Cdc25 phosphatase
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removes inhibitory phosphate on Tyr15 (yeast cell cycle) which activates cdc2 and the cycle proceeds to mitosis
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CAK
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transfers phosphate to Thr161 (yeast cell cycle)
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Mid G1
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Cdk4, Cdk6, Cyclins D1,D2,D3
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G1-S transition
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cyclin E and cdk2
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S
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cyclin A and cdk2
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S - G2
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Cyclin B/A and Cdk1
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pRB phosphorylation
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makes it possible for Cyclins E, A, and cdk1 to be expressed
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p53
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break in DNA in G1 stabilizes this which in turn will activate the p21 gene.
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p21
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activated by p53 and directly inhibits cdk activity until repair in DNA is made, if not the cell will undergo apoptosis
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ATM and ATR
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protein kinases that activate after specific types of DNA damages
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Condensin
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compacts chromosomes by forming a ring around coiled loops of DNA. Is one of two important proteins in formation of mitotic chromosomes
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cohesin
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protein complex that connects a pair of sister chromatids
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kinetochore
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binds Microtubules
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outer plate/fibrous corona of kinetochore
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binds motor proteins involved in chromosome movement
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Inner kinetochore
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centromere replication
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prometaphase
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motor proteins move condensed chromosomes into position to be captured by the kinetochore and the nuclear envelope disperses
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Kid
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kinesin-like protein required for movement of chromosomes away from poles. Without it, chromosome would fail to align in the center of spindle
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metaphase checkpoint
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when one or more chromosomes are not at metaphase plate, anaphase will not start
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astral microtubules
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outward from centrosome to outside body of spindle. Helps position spindle apparatus and plane of cytokinesis
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chromosomal microtubules
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from centrosome to kinetochores. moves chromosomes to poles during anaphase
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polar microtubules
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from centrosome past chromosomes. forms structural basket for spindle
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ubiquitin ligase APC and adaptors cdc20 and cdh-1
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Drives Anaphase
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cdc20
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destroys securin which activates separase which cleaves cohesin separating sister chromatids starting anaphase
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cdh-1
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destroys mitotic cyclins b/c they inhibit exit from mitosis. Anaphase - G1
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Anaphase A
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movement of chromosomes to poles
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Anaphase B
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two spindle poles move frather apart
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poleward flux
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energy generated by depolymerization that moves chromosomes toward poles
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Dam1 Ring
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encirles the (+) end of microtubule at kinetochore
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