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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Factors influencing membrane fluidity |
Temperature Saturation of acyl chains Length of acyl chains Cholesterol |
4 |
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How cholesterol decreases bilayer fluidity |
By packing between fatty acids |
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Which type of amino acids are best suited to the hydrophobic environment of the lipid bilayer? |
(Those with) Non-polar Aliphatic R-Groups |
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Aliphatic vs Aromatic R groups |
Aliphatic hydrocarbons - consist of linear chains of carbon atoms Aromatic hydrocarbons - consist of closed rings of carbon atoms |
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The polar nature of peptide bonds (in integral membrane proteins) are not energetically favourable in the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer. How is this problem overcome? |
Through formation of secondary structure. Polar charge neutralised by: Regular pattern of H bonding (within aa chain) between the partial negative charge on the carbonyl oxygen and the partial positive charge on the amide hydrogen |
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Dimensions of a typical lipid bilayer |
total = 5nm thick (50Å) hydrophobic core = 3nm thick (30Å) |
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Approximate number of amino acids needed to span the lipidbilayer in an a-helicalconformation |
20 |
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Most common conformation for trans-membrane spanning section of an integral membrane proteins |
a-helical |
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How do the hydrophilic (extracytoplasmic) parts of integral membrane proteins get across the membrane? |
Membraneproteins assemble in protein conducting channels |
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3 parts/segments of integral membrane proteins |
cytoplasmic, transmembrane, extracytoplasmic |
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Functions of membrane proteins |
Transporters, Linkers, Receptors, Enzymes |
4 |
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2 types of co-transport protein |
symporter, antiporter |
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pH is a measure of |
Proton concentration |
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Where ATP synthesis occurs in the mitochondria |
The matrix/cytoplasm |
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Where ATP synthase is located in the mitochondria |
The inner membrane |
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Where ATP synthase is located in chloroplasts |
The thylakoid membrane |
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Where ATP is synthesised in the chloroplasts |
The stroma |
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2 agents that interfere with oxidative phosphorylation and how |
Cyanide and carbon monoxide. By inhibiting cytochrome oxidase by blocking passage of electrons to oxygen. |
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Light microscopy (describe the pathway) |
Light Source, Condenser Lens, Specimen, Objective Lens, Eyepiece Lens, Eye |
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Unaided eye resolving power |
200 um (0.2mm) |
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Light microscope resolving power |
200 nm (0.2um) (e.g. ribosome size) |
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