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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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this is called m or nuclear division.
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mitosis
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the division of the cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells is called...
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cytokinesis
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How long does DNA replication take?
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6-8 hours
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What does G2 represent? How long does it take?
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it represents the copying of all other cellular components such as mitochondria, enzymes, etc. It takes 4-6 hours
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How long does G1 take?
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takes about 12 hours
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what is Go
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the cells that will probably never divide
again |
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What are the phases of Mitosis?
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Prophase
metaphase anaphase telophase |
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What happens in prophase?
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chromosomes condense
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what happens in metaphase?
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chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and filaments attach
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What happens in anaphase?
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The filaments pull chromosomes apart
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if a cell is not undergoing mitosis then it is probably in
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interphase
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what does "s" stand for in the cell cycle?
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synthesis, or DNA replication
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What is semiconservative replication?
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when half of the parent molecule is retained by each daughter molecule
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What is the rate at which new nucleotides are formed by DNA polymerase III
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800 new nucleotides per second
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Who discovered the first polymerase?
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Kornberg
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What is the role of DNA polymerase III?
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it adds new nucleotides to the growing/new/daughter strand in a 5'-3' direction.
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What is this enzyme: "has to add a nucleotide to a previous nucleotide in the new strand"
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DNA polymerase III
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What is the cause of a mutation when replicating DNA strand?
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when The DNA polymerases proofreading mechanism doesn't catch all mistakes.
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this is the key enzyme in bacterial DNA
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DNA polymerase 3
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When DNA replicates, its strands are separated by the enzyme...
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helicase
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these are responsible from keeping the dna strands from re-winding after they have been split by helicase
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Single stranded DNA binding proteins
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in what direction does DNA polymerase 3 encode the new strand?
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from 5'-3'
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The lagging strand forms new DNA in segments called...
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okazaki fragments
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At the end of a round of replication the two resulting DNA circles remain interlinked, and the action of a ___________ is required to disconnect the two circles from each other.
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topoisomerase
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in such bacteria, the two copies of the replicating chromosome bind to the plasma membrane at their replication origins. As the cell grows in preparation for cell division, new ______ _______ is added to the region between these chromosome attachment sites thereby pushing the chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell.
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plasma membrane
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In this type of chromosome, DNA replication is initiated at a single origin
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bacterial chromosome
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what does it mean when they say replication is bi-directional?
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DNA replication involves to replication forks moving in opposite directions
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What is the origin of replication?
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a special dna sequence at the center of each replication fork. DNA synthesis is initiated here.
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