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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What molecules are ultimately produced when glucose becomes 2 pyruvates and what is their net gain?
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2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of ATP
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After 2 pyruvates are produced through glycolysis they enter the .........
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mitochondria
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Pyruvate is transported accross the inner mitochondrial membrane and is oxidized with in the matrix to ___________, the primary substrate of the TCA cycle
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Acytel CoA
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What is the full name of FAD?
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Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme is activated by:
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AMP, NAD+ , and CoA
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Pyruvate Dehydrogenase is inhibited by:
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ATP, NADH, and Acetyl CoA
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Which molecule produces the most ATP from glycolysis to krebs cycle and how many does it yield?
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NADH. NADH yields 30 ATP
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What part of the mitochondria does the electron transport chain take place?
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Inner membrane
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Complex 1 moves electrons from _______ to __________
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NADH; coenzyme q
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complex 2 moves electrons from ___________ to __________
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FAD:H2 to Coenzyme q
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Complex 3 moves electrons from Coenzyme Q to ________
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cytochrome
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What has the highest affinity for electrons?
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oxygen
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In the electron transport chain, each carrier has a little _______ affinity than the last
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higher
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What is Eo'?
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Redox (Reduction) potential
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After electrons pass back into the matrix in Complex 4 what is produced?
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1/2 O2 + 2H= H2O
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Electrons from which molecule are carried by Complexes 1, 3, and 4?
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NADH
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Electrons from which molecule are carried by complexes 2, 3, and 4?
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FAD:H2
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What is capping in terms of molecular structure
Hint: 7 |
7 methyl guanosine ppp--->5' end of mRNA
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these are sequences within the primary transcript that do not appear in the mature functional RNA
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introns
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What does the poly A tail do. In other words, what is it responsible for?
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It protects the RNA from digestion
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on most mRNA's what end of the strand is the poly A tail located?
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on the 3' end
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on most mRNA's what end of the strand is the cap?
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5' end
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after RNA is made what enzyme adds the poly A tail?
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Poly A polymerase
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these don't have a poly A tail
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histone proteins
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what is the specific role of the poly A tail?
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to protect from nucleases, Transport out of nucleus, Control the life span of the mRNA
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What observable event happens as the mRNA gets older
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the tail gets shorter because every time translation occurs a little bit of the tail gets cut off
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in Splicing introns are removed and ________ are joined
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exons
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the intervening sequences that disrupt the linear continuity of the message-encoding regions of a gene are the ...
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introns
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The sequences destined to appear in the final mRNA are referred to as ......., because they EXPRESS
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exons
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The cause of mRNA in the nucleus being short
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because of splicing in the cytoplasm
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Top entire length of RNA made by...
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original RNA
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these get together and becomes shorter when mRNA is spliced
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exons
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