Cell Biology

Front 1

What is the definition of Metabolism?

Back 1

All chemical Reactions in a Cell

Front 2

What are the two types of reactions in Metabolism?

Back 2

Anabolic Reactions and Catabolic Reactions

Front 3

Which type of reaction in Metabolism is responsible for synthesizing cellular components and is an endergonic reaction?

Back 3

Anabolic Reactions

Front 4

Which type of reaction in Metabolism is responsible for breakdown and is an exergonic reaction?

Back 4

Catabolic Reactions

Front 5

Which type of pathway (reaction) in metabolism involves a substantial increase in molecular order?

Back 5

Anabolic

Front 6

Which type of pathway (reaction) in metabolism involves an increase in entropy and a negative free energy?

Back 6

Catabolic

Front 7

The Roles of This Metabolic Pathway:
1.) release the free energy needed to drive cellular functions.
2.) Give rise to small organic molecules, or metabolites, that are the building blocks for biosynthesis

Back 7

Catabolic pathway

Front 8

Known as the universal energy coupler

Back 8

ATP

Front 9

How much free energy is released When ATP is broken down by Catabolism?

Back 9

-7.3 kcal/mol

Front 10

This type of metabolic pathway is responsible for driving the anabolic reactions and carrying out other kinds of cellular work

Back 10

Cataboic Pathway

Front 11

In the synthesis of ATP, What is the first step?

Back 11

Substrate level Phosphorylation

Front 12

What happens in substrate level phosphorylation?

Back 12

An inorganic phosphate group and ADP combine to form ATP

Front 13

What is the second step in ATP synthesis?

Back 13

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Front 14

These 3 steps are known as __________, a step in ATP synthesis
a.) Source of electrons at high energy level
b.) Sugars/Lipids: Electron Transport system-in a membrane
c.) Build H+ gradient across that membrane

Back 14

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Front 15

This allows the high concentration of H+ outide the cell to re-enter back into the cell

Back 15

H+ transport protein

Front 16

In Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP is produced because of...

Back 16

The facilitated diffusion of H+ across the membrane

Front 17

The facilitated diffusion of H+ back into the cell has a negative or positive change in free energy? Endergonic or Exergonic?

Back 17

Negative; Exergonic

Front 18

In Glycolysis of Glucose what is produced when 6 carbon Glucose is made into 2 pyruvate (3 Carbon)?

Back 18

NADH and a little ATP

Front 19

In the break down of glucose, What does the 2 pyruvate (3C) produce when it makes Acetyl Co A (2C)?

Back 19

NADH and 2 CO2

Front 20

How does the process of Krebs cycle make a 4 carbon molecule (starting material) into a 6 carbon molecule in 2 cycles?

Back 20

The acetyl Co A (2C) combine with the 4 carbon material to make a 6 carbon molecule

Front 21

In the Krebs Cycle, What is produced when The 6 carbon molecule becomes a 5 carbon molecule?

Back 21

CO2 and NADH

Front 22

In the Krebs Cycle, What is produced when The 5 Carbon molecule becomes a 4 carbon molecule?

Back 22

CO2 and NADH

Front 23

In the Krebs Cycle, When the 4 carbon molecule is further oxidized, what is produced?

Back 23

FADH2 and NADH

Front 24

After The krebs cycle, all the NADH and FADH2 enter the _______ _______ _______

Back 24

electron transport chain

Front 25

What is the key carrier to electron transport chain and what is the full name of this carrier?

Back 25

NAD+ . Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Front 26

In they glycolytic pathway from glucose to pyruvate, What is the first step?

Back 26

Glucose is converted to Glucose-6-Phosphate by the input of ATP and the release of ADP

Front 27

In they glycolytic pathway from glucose to pyruvate, how is Glucose-6-Phosphate made into Fructose-6-phosphate in step 2?

Back 27

This is done through sugar rearrangement

Front 28

In they glycolytic pathway from glucose to pyruvate, how is Fructose-6-Phosphate converted into Fructose-1, 6 Bisphosphate?

Back 28

Through the enzyme Phosphofructo kinase and the input of ATP to produce ADP

Front 29

In they glycolytic pathway from glucose to pyruvate, What does Frutose-1, 6 Bisphosphate become in step 4?

Back 29

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate

Front 30

In they glycolytic pathway from glucose to pyruvate, What does dihydroxyacetone phosphate become in step 5?

Back 30

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Front 31

In step 6 of the Glycolytic pathway from glucose to pyruvate, What do the two molecules of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate become?

Back 31

2 molecules of 1, 3 bisphosphoglycerate

Front 32

What are the inputs and outputs to form 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate from Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?

Back 32

Inputs: 2 Phosphate groups and 2 NAD+
Outputs: 2 NADH and 2 H+

Front 33

Glycolytic pathway Step 7: 2molecules of 1, 3 Bisphosphoglycerate becomes..... And what are the inputs and outputs?

Back 33

2 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. Inputs: 2 ADP Outputs: 2 ATP

Front 34

Glycolytic pathway: 2 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate becomes...

Back 34

2 molecules of 2-phosphoglycerate

Front 35

Glycolytic pathway: In step 9 2 molecules of 2-Phosphoglycerate becomes.....?

Back 35

2 molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate

Front 36

In step 10 of the Glycolytic pathway, 2 molecules of Phosphoenolpyruvate becomes ....? What are the inputs and outputs?

Back 36

2 molecules of pyruvate
Inputs: 2 ADP
Outputs: 2 ATP by SLP

Front 37

In the Glycolytic pathway, what causes the regeneration of NADH?

Back 37

Pyruvate

Front 38

How many ATP are produced in Glycolysis?

Back 38

2 ATP

Front 39

What is the primary goal of Glycolysis?

Back 39

To recycle NAD+ and continue the process

Front 40

What is an allosteric enzyme?

Back 40

Means self regulating

Front 41

What promotes the enzyme Phosphofructokinase?

Back 41

AMP

Front 42

High Levels of these ______ _______ _______ will inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase. Where does this inhibition take place on the enzyme? What step on the Glycolytic pathway is this?

Back 42

ATP, NADH, and Citrate will inhibit the enzyme. Inhibition takes place on the active site. It is step 3.

Front 43

In step 10, the enzyme pyruvate kinase is inhibited by:

Back 43

Increase in ATP and Increase in Acytel CoA