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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what are two types of intercellular communication
neurotrans and hormones
how do neurotran s communicate
action potentials
muscle contraction
neuron to neuron
or neuron to muscle or organ
are neurotrans specific?
yes
do neurotrans do short distance or long?
short
are hormones short or long distanse
long
what is the shotgun effect
in hormone communication, the receptor signal is transduced and transferred form external to internal signal
what are the four parts of cell signaling
production of signal H
reception of signal Rc
transduction of signal mediators
response to signal intracellular events
define hormones
chemical that is syntehsized in the organ, secreted into blood, and cuases in cells or tissue of another organ unless paracrine or autocrin
what are two hormone releasers
paracrine local cell to cell
endocrine long distance
what is an example of paracrine
histamine
what is an example of endocrine
TSH
what are teh classifications of hormones
aa derivatives
small peptides
proteins
steroids
small molecules
what are examples of aa derivatives
epi tyrosine
what are examples of small pep
ADH
what are examples of prot
insulin
what are examples of steroids
chol
what are exampels of small molecules
co2 NO
what are physiologic responses to a hormone
growth
substance conc
differentiation and redifferentiation
rates of metabolism
what happens when the ligan activates a receptor
change in confirmation
autophosphorylation
what mediates receptor adctivity
second messegner
what are the four intracell events
receptor ligand
signal transduction
cell response
change in gene expression
define second messengers
intracellular molecules taht amplify the hormonal signal by transducing external signal to internal molecules and events
what are four second messenger syou should know
camp
ip3
dag
Ca2+
what mediates camp
g protein
the g protein is ___ ____
membrane associated
alpha subunit binds ___ nucleotides
guanine
ATP --> cAMP --> AMP what goes over the arrows
AC
PDE
describe the camp process
GTP alpha sub binds to AC
makes cAMP
cAMP activates PKA
PKA activates phosphorylase kinase
extra P converts glycogen to glucose one phosphate
what does calmodulin do
activates other enzymes
regulates camp via ac and pde
regulates fusion of secretory vesicles in pm
regulates ca2+ atpase pumps
activates NOS
what is NOS
nitric oxide synthetase
produces NO
NO activates gaunylyl cyclase
GC produces cGMP
cBMP activates prot kinase G
smooth muscle relaxation
what makes up pip2
fatty acid glycerol inositol DAG and IP3
IP3 goes wher
intracell to ER to release ca2+
where does dAG go
membrane bound interacts with protein kinase C
define growth factor
serum specific protein that stimulates cell division
what mediates growth factor
receptor tyrosine kinase RTK
what does activated R do in growth factors
recruits cytoplasmic proteins
what is our example of intracellular receptors
steroids
steroids may bind to specific ___ ___
DNA seq