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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are two types of intercellular communication
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neurotrans and hormones
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how do neurotran s communicate
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action potentials
muscle contraction neuron to neuron or neuron to muscle or organ |
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are neurotrans specific?
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yes
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do neurotrans do short distance or long?
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short
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are hormones short or long distanse
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long
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what is the shotgun effect
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in hormone communication, the receptor signal is transduced and transferred form external to internal signal
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what are the four parts of cell signaling
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production of signal H
reception of signal Rc transduction of signal mediators response to signal intracellular events |
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define hormones
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chemical that is syntehsized in the organ, secreted into blood, and cuases in cells or tissue of another organ unless paracrine or autocrin
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what are two hormone releasers
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paracrine local cell to cell
endocrine long distance |
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what is an example of paracrine
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histamine
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what is an example of endocrine
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TSH
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what are teh classifications of hormones
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aa derivatives
small peptides proteins steroids small molecules |
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what are examples of aa derivatives
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epi tyrosine
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what are examples of small pep
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ADH
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what are examples of prot
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insulin
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what are examples of steroids
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chol
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what are exampels of small molecules
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co2 NO
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what are physiologic responses to a hormone
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growth
substance conc differentiation and redifferentiation rates of metabolism |
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what happens when the ligan activates a receptor
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change in confirmation
autophosphorylation |
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what mediates receptor adctivity
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second messegner
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what are the four intracell events
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receptor ligand
signal transduction cell response change in gene expression |
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define second messengers
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intracellular molecules taht amplify the hormonal signal by transducing external signal to internal molecules and events
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what are four second messenger syou should know
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camp
ip3 dag Ca2+ |
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what mediates camp
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g protein
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the g protein is ___ ____
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membrane associated
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alpha subunit binds ___ nucleotides
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guanine
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ATP --> cAMP --> AMP what goes over the arrows
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AC
PDE |
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describe the camp process
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GTP alpha sub binds to AC
makes cAMP cAMP activates PKA PKA activates phosphorylase kinase extra P converts glycogen to glucose one phosphate |
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what does calmodulin do
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activates other enzymes
regulates camp via ac and pde regulates fusion of secretory vesicles in pm regulates ca2+ atpase pumps activates NOS |
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what is NOS
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nitric oxide synthetase
produces NO NO activates gaunylyl cyclase GC produces cGMP cBMP activates prot kinase G smooth muscle relaxation |
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what makes up pip2
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fatty acid glycerol inositol DAG and IP3
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IP3 goes wher
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intracell to ER to release ca2+
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where does dAG go
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membrane bound interacts with protein kinase C
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define growth factor
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serum specific protein that stimulates cell division
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what mediates growth factor
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receptor tyrosine kinase RTK
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what does activated R do in growth factors
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recruits cytoplasmic proteins
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what is our example of intracellular receptors
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steroids
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steroids may bind to specific ___ ___
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DNA seq
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