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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what three properties of water give it polar characteristics?
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partial charges
dipole affinity for hydrophilic molecules |
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why is pH 7 important to most proteins
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molecules are charged with cations and anions. affinity and aversion affect 3D structgure which affects stability.
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what molecule is the backbone of the phospholipid?
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??
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what are three types of lipids
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cholesterol
TG phospholipids |
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give three examples of proteins
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keratin collagen silk enzymes abs GFs
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what letter amino acid is found in most organims
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L
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name the three major R groups of an aa
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amine H COOH carboxyl
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name the corresponding ends of a polypetide
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amine N terminus to carboxyl C terminus
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name the hierarchy of strucgture for the three D conformation of a peptide and define each
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tertiary intramolecular
quaternary intermolecular |
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how do the alpha and beta structures maintina their 3D shapes
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H bonds
R groups hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues active conformation stable energy state |
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what main regions of a peptide woudl be the major effectors of peptide folding
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the carboxyl group because this is where hydrogen bonding occurs
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which group has a single ringa dn which group has a double
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purines PUREGAP doulbe
pyrimidines single TCUP |
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what is the name of the reaction that occurs when nucleotides are bound together
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nucleic acid synthesis
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in what direction are nucleic acids synthesizes
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Five to three
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true or false RNA is usually found as a double stranded molecule
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??
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name the type of bond that is produced when two monosacc become a dissach
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glycosidic onl
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is glycogen in animals or plants?
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animals
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why can't humans digest cellulose?
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??
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name three major types of lipids
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phospholipids
TG steroids |
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in the fluid mosaic model to what does mosaic refer
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globular proteins that vary in membrane penetrationa nd ahve different hydrophobic domains making them a mosaic of discontinuous proteins
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what do TLC and SDSPAGE stand for and what types of membrane constituents do each ehlp characterize?
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thin layer chromatography
sodium doecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electorphoresis lipids. proteins. |
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detergents are ____ so they solubize proteins into negatively charged groups
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anionic
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what is the cisternal space and how does it divid the cell
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includes the golgi lysosomal and perinuclear spaces of the ER membrane family
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all cells have rer and ser. how does cell type influence the ratio of these two types of ER
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RER is involved in the secretion of proteins so woudl be seen in pancreacytes. SER is important in steroid synth and more prominent in leydig or granulose cells.
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what are the most common functions of the rer and ser.
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rer is secretory proteins ser is lipid synth ch2o metabolism and drug detox
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what is clathrin and why is it importnat
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? clathrin is a substance that coats vesicles which facilitate the transport of proteins from the er to the golgi to the pm
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name the three types of endocytosis and define the characteristics of each
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pinocytosis
phagocytosis rme phago is restricted to phagocytes. pino is RME clathrin dependent and clathrin coated pits??? |
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what are early and late lysosomes?
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an early lysosome contains zymogens which are inactive precursors of active enzyme in this case inactive acid hydrolases. a late endosome contians lysozymes dues to lower pH and lysozymes are active and hetrophagic and autophagic
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what is one mechanism that cuases the separation of receptor and ligand in a lysosome?
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??
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what is one of the most important reactions found in the peroxisome? why is this importnat?
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a peroxisome is the locus of superoxid and dismutase SOD detoxifices H2O2 via peroxidase and catalase.
2O2- + 2H+ --> SOD H2O2 + O2 peroxidase RH2 + O2 --> R + H2O2 catalase 2H2O2 --> O2 + 2H2O |
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what organelle is responsible for gluycosylating proteins with the simple high mannose oligosaccharide unit? what organelle is presonsible for the palcement of the complex oligosac unit on a protein?
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ER for glycosylating with simple high mannose oligosac
golgi is responsible for the placement of the complex oligosac |
