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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define boned energy
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energy needed tobreak one bond.
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what do the following groups look like?
hydroxl amine carbonyl carboxyl |
OH
NH2 C=O COOH |
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what is chirality
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handedness. must have four different functional groups for a carbon. allows for stereoisomers which are mirrors.
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most reactions occur at what pH
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7
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what is the function of the cell membrane
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keep environment out
keep cellular components in |
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what si teh phospholipid bilayer made up of
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lipids and proteins
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what lipids are found in the PL bilayer
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cholesterol
TG phospholipids |
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what proteins are foudn in the phospholipid bilayer
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receptors
adapters extracellular matrix cytoskeleton |
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what does amphipathic mean
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polar and non polar portions
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what are three examples of macromolecules
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polypep
Nas polysac |
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what are the six members ofthe cell hierarchy of macromolecules
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organic
moleculr cpds ie monomers macromolecules ie polymers supra molecular structure ie membranes organelles cells |
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polymerization occurs via _____ ______
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dehydration synthesis
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give three examples of polymerization
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aa -> polypep
nucleotides --> nas monosac --> polysac |
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what are the four major categories of macromolecuels
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1.) proteins
2.) na 3.) polysac 4.) lipids |
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which macromolecules are polymers and which are monomers
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proteins na and polysac are poly
lipids are monomers |
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give some examples of proteins
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enzymes GF Ab
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what is the breakdown of aa and peptides in terms of groups and subgroups
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nonpolar
polar uncharged charged acidic (-) basic (+) |
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how can you figure out which aa or peptide category that a particular compound belongs to
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check the R group
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peptide synthesis is carred out via...
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dehydration synthesis
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the bond between two amino acids is called a _____ bond
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peptide
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what are the six members ofthe cell hierarchy of macromolecules
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organic
moleculr cpds ie monomers macromolecules ie polymers supra molecular structure ie membranes organelles cells |
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polymerization occurs via _____ ______
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dehydration synthesis
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give three examples of polymerization
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aa -> polypep
nucleotides --> nas monosac --> polysac |
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what are the four major categories of macromolecuels
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1.) proteins
2.) na 3.) polysac 4.) lipids |
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which macromolecules are polymers and which are monomers
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proteins na and polysac are poly
lipids are monomers |
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give some examples of proteins
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enzymes GF Ab
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what is the breakdown of aa and peptides in terms of groups and subgroups
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nonpolar
polar uncharged charged acidic (-) basic (+) |
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how can you figure out which aa or peptide category that a particular compound belongs to
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check the R group
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peptide synthesis is carred out via...
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dehydration synthesis
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the bond between two amino acids is called a _____ bond
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peptide
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in dehydration synthesis, how many waters do you get
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one less than aas put in
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describe protein structure
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primary
secondary alpha beta tertiary 3D quarternary multiple subunits |
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in dehydration synthesis, how many waters do you get
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one less than aas put in
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primary aa is referred to as ____ _____ and deterines ______
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nucleotide sequence
folding |
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describe protein structure
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primary
secondary alpha beta tertiary 3D quarternary multiple subunits |
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what holds the 3D tertiary protein together?
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H bonds
hydrophobicity electorstatic interation disulfide bond |
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primary aa is referred to as ____ _____ and deterines ______
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nucleotide sequence
folding |
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what holds the quaternary protein together
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disulfide
H bond ionic boind vander waals hydrophobic reactions |
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what holds the 3D tertiary protein together?
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H bonds
hydrophobicity electorstatic interation disulfide bond |
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what are the two major protein structure categories
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fibrous and globular
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what holds the quaternary protein together
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disulfide
H bond ionic boind vander waals hydrophobic reactions |
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what are examples of fibrous proteins
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alpha and beta extended like keartin collagen and silk
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what are the two major protein structure categories
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fibrous and globular
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what are examples of globular proteins
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compact folding alpha beta liek enzymes antibodies GH
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in dehydration synthesis, how many waters do you get
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one less than aas put in
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what are examples of fibrous proteins
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alpha and beta extended like keartin collagen and silk
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breakdown the categories fo nucleic acids
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DNA
RNA mRNA messenger tRNA transfer rRNA ribosomal HnRNA heteronuclear |
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describe protein structure
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primary
secondary alpha beta tertiary 3D quarternary multiple subunits |
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what are examples of globular proteins
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compact folding alpha beta liek enzymes antibodies GH
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what are the basic units of a nucleic acid
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phosphate sugar base
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primary aa is referred to as ____ _____ and deterines ______
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nucleotide sequence
folding |
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breakdown the categories fo nucleic acids
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DNA
RNA mRNA messenger tRNA transfer rRNA ribosomal HnRNA heteronuclear |
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what holds the 3D tertiary protein together?
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H bonds
hydrophobicity electorstatic interation disulfide bond |
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what are the basic units of a nucleic acid
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phosphate sugar base
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what holds the quaternary protein together
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disulfide
H bond ionic boind vander waals hydrophobic reactions |
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what are the two major protein structure categories
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fibrous and globular
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what are examples of fibrous proteins
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alpha and beta extended like keartin collagen and silk
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what are examples of globular proteins
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compact folding alpha beta liek enzymes antibodies GH
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breakdown the categories fo nucleic acids
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DNA
RNA mRNA messenger tRNA transfer rRNA ribosomal HnRNA heteronuclear |
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what are the basic units of a nucleic acid
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phosphate sugar base
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what are the nitrogenous bases
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purines AG
pyrimidines CUT |
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what is the difference between DNA and RNA
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deoxyribose has H on bottom right
ribose has OH on bottom right |
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NA synthesis is always __ to ____
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Five to three F2T
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the complementary template is __ to __
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three to five
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is DNA right or left handed
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right (CW)
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what is the function of polysac?
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storage
structure |
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what makes us polysac
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repeating units of monomers
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what are some examples of polysac
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glucose and carbs
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wha tis the difference between alpha and beta glucose
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OH down on alpha
OH up on beta |
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what is functional difference between alpha and beta glucose
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alpha is glycogen and starch
beta is cellulose |
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what is a disac
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two monomers linked by a glycosidic bond formed by dehydration synth aka condensation reaction
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alpha glucose is a _______ bond
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1,4 glycosidic bond
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are lipids polymers?
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NO
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what is the function of lipids
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membranes
energy source structure |
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what are four major lipids
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TG
phospholipids phingolipids steroids |
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what is a TG
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glycerol plus three fas
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what type of linkage is in a TG
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ester linkage
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where are sphingolipids found
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plasma membrane componenet
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how can you tell its a phingolipid
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amine alcohol of shingosine
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what do steroids look like
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phenoathrene ring system
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where are steoids found (ST)
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membranes and hormones. derivative of cholesterol
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what are three examples of steroids
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testosterone
cortisol estrogten |
