Cell Bio - Exam 1 - Cell Bio Ii

Front 1

when carbohydrates attach to lipids and proteins they form

Back 1

glycolipids and glycoproteins

Front 2

glycolipids are found

Back 2

-in the noncytosolic lipid monolayer
-some intracellular membranes

Front 3

cholera toxin mode of action

Back 3

-Ganglioside Gm1 (a glycolipid) is a cell receptor for cholera toxin
-toxin enters cell by binding to ganglioside Gm1
-toxin ramps up synthesis of cAMP->efflux of sodium ions and water into the intestine

Front 4

other functions of carbohydrates

Back 4

-negative charges repel other negatively charged substances
-react w/ regulatory molecules
-play a role in cell-cell signaling and cell-matrix recognition and adhesion
-protection

Front 5

vesicular transport across the plasmalemma types:

Back 5

-endocytosis
-exocytosis
-porocytosis

Front 6

5 distinct pathways of endocytosis

Back 6

-macropinocytosis
-clatherin-mediated endocytosis
-non-coated-mediated endocytosis
-caveolae-mediated endocytosis
-phagocytosis

Front 7

macropinocytosis characteristics and example

Back 7

-actin-based process
-nonspecific ingestion of fluid and solutes
-can be triggered by bacteria
ex. occurs in thyroid cells as they take up thyroglobulin and dendritic cells for immune surveilance)

Front 8

clatherin-mediated endocytosis characteristics

Back 8

-occurs at clathrin-coated pits
-dynamin (GTPase) is required to pinch off the vesicle
-can be mediated by receptors
-coated pits
-recycling of synaptic vesicles

Front 9

clathrin-mediated endocytosis that is mediated by receptors example:

Back 9

-cholesterol, in the form of LDL, is taken up
-protein hormones

Front 10

coated pits characteristics

Back 10

-cargo receptors located here
-adaptin associates w/ the intracellular portion of the cargo receptor
-coated vesicles form and become uncoated quickly after they form
-

Front 11

clinical relavence of coated pits

Back 11

atherosclerosis occurs when there is a decrease or defect in LDL receptors

Front 12

characteristics of phagocytosis

Back 12

-ingestion of large particles (cell eating), generally mediated by receptors
-dependent on actin
-does not require clathrin
-phagosomes
-fuse with lysosomes

Front 13

exocytosis characteristics

Back 13

-secretion of cellular synthetic products
-secretory vesicles formed by golgi, fuse w/ plasma membrane - intracellular trafficking of vesicles is orchestrated by COPs
-requires calcium and ATP

Front 14

two pathways of exocytosis

Back 14

-constitutive - continuous secretory process, secretory product is not stored
-regulated - secretory product is stored in secretory vesicles until a signal causes the product to be secreted

Front 15

quantal release of neurotransmitters

Back 15

porocytosis