Cell Bio Exam 1

Front 1

Describe the Relationship between fatty acid chain length and shape and melting point

Back 1

Longer, straighter chains have higher melting points

Front 2

Describe the role that sterols play in bacterial cell function

Back 2

TRICK! Prokaryotes don't have sterols

Front 3

Why are triphosphates used to polymerize nucleotide chains?

Back 3

Because the reaction needed to form the phosphodiester bonds would otherwise be unfavored energetically

Front 4

What kind of bond holds two nucleotides together in the backbone of DNA?

Back 4

Phosphodiester bonds

Front 5

What kind of bond holds complimentary bases together in DNA and RNA?

Back 5

Hydrogen bonds

Front 6

Glycine

Back 6

GLY, nonpolar amino acid

Front 7

Alanine

Back 7

ALA nonpolar

Front 8

Valine

Back 8

VAL nonpolar

Front 9

Leucine

Back 9

LEU nonpolar

Front 10

Isoleucine

Back 10

ILE nonpolar

Front 11

Proline

Back 11

PRO nonpolar

Front 12

Cystenine

Back 12

CYS nonpolar

Front 13

Methionine

Back 13

MET nonpolar

Front 14

Phenylalanine

Back 14

PHE nonpolar

Front 15

Tryptophan

Back 15

TRP nonpolar

Front 16

Serine

Back 16

SER polar, uncharged has OH

Front 17

Threonine

Back 17

THR polar, uncharged, Has OH

Front 18

Tyrosine

Back 18

TYR polar, uncharged, has OH

Front 19

Asparagine

Back 19

ASN polar, uncharged

Front 20

Glutamine

Back 20

GLN polar, uncharged

Front 21

Lysine

Back 21

LYS basic polar

Front 22

Arginine

Back 22

ARG basic polar

Front 23

Histidine

Back 23

HIS basic polar

Front 24

Aspartic Acid

Back 24

ASP acidic polar

Front 25

Glutamic Acid

Back 25

GLU acidic polar

Front 26

Histones are small proteins containing high proportions certain amino acids that bind to DNA, which amino acids?

Back 26

Arginine and Lysine

Front 27

Is euchromatin transcriptionally active or not?

Back 27

Yes

Front 28

What is the difference between an intron and a spacer sequence?

Back 28

introns are within genes, spacer sequences are between them

Front 29

describe the process of basic genome sequencing

Back 29

Use restriction enzymes to cut into chunks
Start sequencing the chunks, there is overlap
Cut out overlap
Look for alignments and piece it back togerther

Front 30

What enzyme binds to the promoter to initiate transcription of a gene?

Back 30

RNA Polymerase

Front 31

When would you want to use a footprinting experiment?

Back 31

To identify sites at which proteins bind to DNA

Front 32

What must be released for the elongation phase to begin?

Back 32

the sigma factor

Front 33

How do distance and orientation with respect to the transcription initiation site effect the activity of enhancers?

Back 33

THEY DON'T!!

Front 34

What is the role of insulatoirs or barrier elements?

Back 34

to divide chromosomes into independent domains and prevent enhancers from acting on promoters located in an adjacent domain.

Front 35

When might you use a mobility shift assay?

Back 35

to identify proteins that bind to DNA

Front 36

What do corepressors do?

Back 36

modify chromatin structure

Front 37

True or false: gene expression can be regulated by non-coding RNA molecules

Back 37

true, miroRNAs or miRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that function as normal regulators of gene expression