Cell Bio - Exam 1

Front 1

What is life?

Back 1

quality that distinguishes a vital functioning being from a dead body.

Front 2

What is the quality of life?

Back 2

a live person has brain activity, we consider the characteristics that vanish at death -- no brain waves.

Front 3

5 Qualities in combination constitution life: very important in living organisms

Back 3

1. organization
2. energy used & metabolism
3. maintenance of internal constancy
4. reproduction, growth, development
5. irrability, adaptaion, & natural selection

Front 4

What is Organization?

Back 4

living matter consists of structures arganized in a particular 3-dimensional relationship often following a pattern of structures, with in structures, within structures.

Front 5

All life consists of 2 types of cells:

Back 5

1. unicellular- one single cell
2. multicellular- more than one cell, more advanced

Front 6

Organelle

Back 6

a specialized part of the cell, subunits in the cells of more complex organisms

Front 7

All life is built on a chemical foundation based on units called:

Back 7

ELEMENTS: each of which is a unique type of matter

Front 8

What is the smallest particle of an element that retains the property of that element?

Back 8

an ATOM.

Front 9

Living things are composed of complex molecules:

Back 9

Organic Molecules - Carbon & Hydrogen

Front 10

The ____ is the smallest unit of life

Back 10

cell

Front 11

_____ is the capacity to do work.

Back 11

energy

Front 12

An organism must be able to acquire and use energy to build new structures, repair and break down old ones and reproduce

Back 12

Energy Use & Metabolism

Front 13

What are 2 ways of obtaining energy?

Back 13

1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS- plants and some single celled organisms capture energy from sunlight and store it in energy rich sugar molecules
2. Fungai, animals, and most bacteria CONSUME ENERGY RICH MOLECULES contained in the body of other organisms

Front 14

What is metabolism?

Back 14

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell.

Front 15

2 kinds of metabloic reactions:

Back 15

1. anabolic- require energy, when reactions build up
2. catabolic- energy producing, when reactions break down

Front 16

What is the Maintenance of Internal Constancy?

Back 16

The level of chemicals that make up the environment within a cell must remain with in a constant range, even in the face of a constantly changing outside environment. (ex: maintaining body temperature)

Front 17

What is the ability to keep conditions constant?

Back 17

HOMEOTOSIS

Front 18

Reproduction, Growth, and Development:

Back 18

organisms reproduce and make other organisms like themselves, then new organisms grow and develop.

Front 19

Why is reproduction essential?

Back 19

for a population of organisms to survive from one generation to the next

Front 20

________ is the tendency to respond immediately to stimuli and can be essential for survival.

Back 20

Irritability

Front 21

What is Adaptation?

Back 21

modifications that make organisms suited for their way of life.

Front 22

_________ is enhanced survival and reproductive success of certain individuals from a population based on inherited characteristics.

Back 22

Natural selection

Front 23

What is a virus?

Back 23

"A" cellular--obligate intracellular parasites

Front 24

Plants, Animals, Protista, Fungai and Monera all belong to what division?

Back 24

KINGDOM

Front 25

Eucaryotic Cells:

Back 25

have plasma membrance, contain organelles, more complex, bigger (humans)

Front 26

All living things consist of _______: material that makes up space, and is made up of elements

Back 26

matter

Front 27

What are the 3 sub-atomic particles?

Back 27

Electrons(-), protrons(+), and neutrons(no charge)

Front 28

2 or more atoms joined together

Back 28

Molecules

Front 29

2 atoms that share a pair of electrons (single, double or triple)

Back 29

Covalent Bonds

Front 30

Ionic Bonds

(Ionic=Incomplete)

Back 30

atom completes outershell by either adding or giving electrons.

Front 31

Hydrogen Bonding(most important and most common)

Back 31

weak bonds, formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms in a polar molecule to a negatively charged atom.

Front 32

is essential for life, one of the most important things needed to survive; very simple

Back 32

WATER (H2O)

Front 33

What is specific heat?

Back 33

the amount of heat necessary to raise 1gram of material 1degree C (measured in calories)

Front 34

"water loving"

Back 34

hydrophilic

Front 35

"water hating"

Back 35

hydroPHOBIC

Front 36

What is pH?

Back 36

it is based on log rythm (base 10) of one molar hydrogen ion concentration--10 folds = 1 pH level.

pH=log10 1/[H+]= -1log [H+]

Front 37

What are Macromolecules?

Back 37

molecules needed for life. (proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, DNA/RNA)

Front 38

What are compounds made up of?

Back 38

CELLS

Front 39

Compounds that contain CARBON are called...

Back 39

organic compounds

Front 40

A chain of carbons is called...

Back 40

Carbon Skeleton

Front 41

A pair of substances--one being an acid, and one being a base(acid/base pair):

Back 41

BUFFER

Front 42

What are the 4 Functional Groups?

Back 42

hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and amino acids

Front 43

A ______ is a large chain joined together to form building blocks (monomers).

Back 43

Polymer

Front 44

What is the process of Dehydration Synthesis?

Back 44

to remove water and put it back in, repeating.

Front 45

What is it called when you add H2O to a polymer?

Back 45

Hydrolosis