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Enzymes steps
Substrates enter active site; enzyme changes shape so its active site embraces the substrates (induced fit). Substrates held in active site by weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds Active site (and R groups of its amino acids). Substrates are Converted into Products. Products are Released.
None
The active site can lower an EA barrier by
• acting as a template for substrate orientation, • stressing the substrates and stabilizing the transition state, • providing a favorable microenvironment, • participating directly in the catalytic reaction.
None
Cofactors
Are non protein enzyme helpers Cofactors and are required for catalysis: May be bound to the enzyme permanently. E.g, zinc. iron
None
Coenzymes
Are organic cofactors e.g vitamins
Competitive inhibitors
Bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate
Noncompetitive inhibitors
Bind to another part of an enzyme, changing the function
Allosteric regulation
Is the term used to describe any case in which a protein’s function at one site is affected by binding of a regulatory molecule at another site
Cooperativity
A form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity. When substrate bonds to the active site of one enzymatic subunit, the rest of the subunits are stimulated and become active.
None
Feedback Inhibition
The end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway