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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the primary shape of a protein is determined by what?
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amino acid sequence
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how many amino acids are there?
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20 different amino acids
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what are the 4 types of non-covalent bonds that help proteins fold into a specific shape?
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1. hydrogen
2. elestrostatic 3. van der waals (nuclei radius) (hydro-static) 4. hydrophobic interaction |
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results in the unfolding of a proteins secondary structure.
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denaturation- example urea or pH
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protein 2nd structure, entensive H bonding btw peptide-bond carbonyl oxygens and amide hydrogens, creates coil.
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aplha- helix. example keratin
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for ridig structure of protein, 2 or more peptide chains
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beta sheet
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fundamental functionals and 3-d structural unit of polypeptides
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domains
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what 4 interactions stabilize tertiary structures of protein?
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1.
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Threadlike structures containing DNA and protein found in the nucleus of Eukaryotic cells is?
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chromosomes
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long polymer of 4 different nucloetide subunits that carries hereity information of cell and is held together by hydrogen bonds.
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DNA
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first human cell line
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hela cell
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james watson and francis crick discovered what in 1953?
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DNA was a double helix, on wilkins lab
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who determine the structure of the DNA by looking at x-ray patterns and discoverign that the phosphates were on the outside...
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rosaline franklin
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A nucleotide is conposed of what, and how long is 1 nucloeotide?
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sugar-phosphate covanently linked to a base, and 0.34 nm
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what bases are the purines?
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adenine
guanine |
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what 2 bases are the prynines?
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thymine
cytosine |
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how many base pairs are there per turn of DNA
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10 base pairs/turn
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genes contain instructions for producing what?
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proteins
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how many base pairs are in the human genome?
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3.2 billion or (3.2*10^9)
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each human cell contains how much DNA
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2 meters of DNA/ cell
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what is chromatin?
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complex of DNA and protein
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a stain of the 46 human chromosomes, taken in metaphase, can show diseasesq
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karyotype
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what percent of DNA codes for proteins?
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2%, others are called know regions
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this is where parts of chromosomes cluster together during interphase
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nucleolus
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linear seq of nucleotides in a gene that spell out the linear seq of amino acids in proteins
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genrtic code
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this is the 1st level of chromatin packing, where the DNA winds around 8 histone proteins to form....
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a nuclesomes... beads on a string
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what are the most highly condesnsed chromosomes regions in interphase called?
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heterochromatin- genes are silenced
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place where chromsomes are transcribed, considered true chromatin
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euchromatin
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