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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Cytoplasm |
Semi-liquid material between the nucleus and cell membrane. Made up of cytosol and organelles. |
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What are the 3 main components of a human cell |
Cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane. |
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Cell membrane |
Boundary around the outside of the cell |
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Cell membrane structure |
Made up of two layers, semipermeable, consistency of cold olive oil, has four components: phospholipids Cholesterol Protein Carbohydrates |
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Cell membrane function |
Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. Seperates intra cellular fluid from extra cellular fluid |
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Define nucleus |
Largest organelle. Surrounded my nuclear membrane. Contains threads of chromatin (DNA). |
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Mitochondria |
"Powerhouse of the cell" Makes ATP Sausage shaped. Smooth outer membrane Folded inner membrane |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
Network of connective channels for carrying substances around the cell. Separates into rough ER and smooth ER |
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
Has ribosomes on its surface. Ribosomes make protein. Rough ER transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus. |
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Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum |
Has no ribosomes. Makes lipids and cholesterol. Detoxifies drugs and pesticides. Many in the liver. |
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Golgi apparatus |
Stack of flattened sacs. Bubbles at the end of the sacs are transport vesicles. Transport vesicles take proteins and lipids to where they're needed in the cell . |
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Centrioles |
Two sets of microtubules at right angles to each other. Located near the nucleus. Involved in cell division. Form the mitotic spindle. |
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Lysosomes |
Vesicles containing powerful digestive enzymes. Where things are broken down inside the cell |
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Phospholipids |
Form most of the cell membrane. Arranged in a double layer (lipid bilayer). Have a hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic tails. Makes the cell membrane only let lipid soluble substances pass directly through it. |
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Carbohydrates |
On the outside of the cell membrane. Helps identify the cell |
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Cholesterol |
Stabilises the cell membrane. |
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Protiens |
Found in and on the cell membrane. Have many functions: transporting substances in and out of the cell. Receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters. Identify the cell = markers. Binding cells to other structures/cells. |
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Simple diffusion |
Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration directly through the cell membrane |
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Simple diffusion |
Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration directly through the cell membrane |
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Active transport |
Requires energy. Going from an area with low concentration to an are with high concentration |
Endocytosis Exocytosis |
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Passive transport |
Going from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis Filtration |
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Facilitated diffusion |
A transport protein or channel is used to move a substance from an are of high concentration to an area of low concentration through the cell membrane |
Small non lipid soluble substances (channels) Large substances (proteins) |
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Osmosis |
The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane to create an equilibrium |
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Filtration |
The movement of substances from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure through a semipermeable membrane |
Blood pressure |
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Endocytosis |
The cell membrane forms a vesicles around the substance and draws it into the cell |
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Exocytosis |
Vesicles containing a substance fuses with the cell membrane expelling its contents. How cells secrete larger substances. |
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What are the organelles inside the cell |
Nucleus Mitochondria Centrioles Lysosomes Golgi apparatus Rough ER Smooth ER |
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What are the organelles inside the cell |
Nucleus Mitochondria Centrioles Lysosomes Golgi apparatus Rough ER Smooth ER |
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What are the 9 components of the human cell |
Nucleus Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Centrioles Lysosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Cytoplasm Cell membrane |
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