Cell Anatomy & Division

Front 1

Cell/ Plasma Membrane

Back 1

boundary of a cell that is selectively permeable

Front 2

Cytoplasm

Back 2

part of the cell containing organelles & cytosol; site of most cellular activity

Front 3

Microtubules

Back 3

aggregate and disaggregate spontaneously; organize cytoskeleton and form mitotic spindle; maintain cellular shape by providing rigidity

Front 4

Intermediate Filaments

Back 4

stable elements that function in resisting mechanical forces acting on the cell

Front 5

Microfilaments

Back 5

composed of contractile proteins; important in muscle cells; pinch cells to form cleavage furrow

Front 6

Nucleus

Back 6

control center of the cell containing DNA; bordered by the nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores

Front 7

Nucleolus

Back 7

site of ribosome assembly; made of proteins and RNA

Front 8

Nuclear Envelope/Membrane

Back 8

double layer membrane surrounding the nucleus

Front 9

Nuclear Pores

Back 9

opening in the nuclear membrane, which allows materials to leave the nucleus

Front 10

Chromatin

Back 10

30% DNA, 60% histone proteins, 10%RNA chains

Front 11

Chromosomes

Back 11

DNA & protein found in the nucleus containing hereditary information

Front 12

Centrosomes/Centrioles

Back 12

organize a microtubule network during mitosis to form the spindle and asters

Front 13

Mitochondria

Back 13

"Powerhouse" energy (ATP) producer; site of cell respiration

Front 14

Ribosomes

Back 14

site of protein synthesis

Front 15

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 15

system covered with ribosomes that collect proteins and move them through the cell

Front 16

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 16

Makes lipids and breaks down toxins

Front 17

Golgi Apparatus/Body

Back 17

stack of flattened sacs where proteins are modified, segregated, and packaged for incorporation into the plasma membrane, release from the cell by secretory vesicles through exocytosis, or to become lysosomes

Front 18

Vesicle

Back 18

small sac carrying modified proteins destined or release from the cell by exocytosis

Front 19

Lysosome

Back 19

contain digestive enzymes that break down worn-out cell structures in vesicles, "suicide sacs"

Front 20

Peroxisomes

Back 20

contain oxidases that detoxify harmful substances like alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and free radicals

Front 21

Microvilli

Back 21

extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface to increase the surface area for absorption, passage of materials, and binding of signal molecules (not involved in motility)

Front 22

Cilia

Back 22

shorter motile cellular extensions occurring in large numbers on the surface of exposed cells moving substances in one direction across cell surfaces

Front 23

Flagella

Back 23

longer cellular projections that propel a cell

Front 24

Mitosis

Back 24

the term used to describe the nuclear division, or the division of genetic material

Front 25

Cytokinesis

Back 25

term used to describe the process of division of the cytoplasm that follows mitosis

Front 26

Back 26

Interphase:

Cell growth & usual activities occur

DNA and centrioles are duplicated

DNA exists as chromatin- material in a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and protein; substance that chromosomes are made from; can be stained with dyes in order to watch the process of mitosis using a microscope

Front 27

Back 27

Prophase:

the first and longest phase of mitosis; chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope or membrane breaks down, centrioles separate and spindle begins to form.

Front 28

Back 28

Metaphase:

the second stage of mitosis when the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

Front 29

Back 29

Anaphase:

third phase stage of mitosis; sister chromatids separate, chromosomes look V-shaped, chromatids become separate chromosomes

Front 30

Back 30

Telophase:

Last stage of mitosis when the chromosome movement stops and they begin to uncoil and form chromatin, the spindle breaks down and new nuclear membrane forms and nucleolus appears.

Followed by Cytokinesis.