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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CEC
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children whose immediate survival is at high risk
- children who continually live in circumstances where basic + psychosocial needs are not being met, or in situations of immediate peril, whose near-term survival is at serious risk |
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humanitarian
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having concern for or helping to improve the welfare & happiness of people
- derived from the philosophies of humanism & humanitarianism (Erasmus) - action involves active engagement and a universal respect for humanity as a whole |
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endemic malnutrition
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- persistent in population
- common, escapes public concern - major cause of worldwide infant mortality - reversal = socioeconomic health changes |
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epidemic malnutrition
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- acute, temporary situation
- more noticeable, publicized - more likely to stimulate relief response (but doesn't solve problem) |
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famine
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extreme scarcity of food
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iodine deficiency
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-greatest single cause of mental retardation and brain damage (WHO website), deficiency causes irreversible brain damage
-important micronutrient/mineral for fetal health, pregnant women; aids in proper bone and brain development |
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iron deficiency (anemia)
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important micronutrient for fetal health, pregnant women
deficiency during pregnancy & first years of life result in cognitive growth delays, fatigue, weakness, hairloss, slow social development, slow growth and decreased neurological development |
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kwashiorkor
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protein malnutrition w/ sufficient calorie intake
-includes edema, pot belly, wasting, hair density loss, dermatoses (rash, pigment loss, ulcerations), hepatomegaly, anemia -caused due to micronutrient and antioxidant deficiencies |
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marasmus
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protein-energy malnutrition
- they have nutrients/vitamins, etc. just not enough food - wasting, emaciation w/ min. other changes (probs anemia & hair density loss too) - same as infant (energy) starvation |
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malnutrution
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characterized by an inadequate intake of calories & lack of protein & micronutrients to meet minimun physiological and cognitive needs
-measured in terms of individual's wasting, stunting & weight: <3rd percentile BMI |
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birth asphyxia
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suffocation of the infant during or shortly after birth
- can be asphyxiated by the umbilical cord wrapping itself around the neck of the baby - can happen during birth when baby is deprived of oxygen - one of the main causes for newborn deaths |
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child survival
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the ability/capacity/chances of children living into adulthood, survival rates are most risky for children under 5 years old
focus: basic prenatal/neonatal/family health care, vaccinations, disease preventon |
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infectious diseases in developing nations that attribute to U5MR deaths
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pneumonia
diahrrea measles malaria neonatal pneumonia/sepsis |
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U5MR
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under 5 mortality rate
possibility of dying between birth & 5 years of age measured/expressed per 1000 live births |
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MDG
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ambitious agenda for reducing poverty & improving lives that world leaders agreed upon at the UN Millenium Summit in 2000
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MDG #2
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goal:achieve universal primary education
target = 2015, all children everywhere will complete a full primary education, includes girls |
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MDG #4
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goal: reduce child mortality rates
target = 2015, reduce U5MR by 2/3rds of what it was in 1995 |
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absolute poverty
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- absence of enough resources (including $) to secure basic life necessities
- UN: condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, educaiton & information |
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poverty
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shortage of basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter & safe drinking water, all of which determine quality of life
-includes lack of access to opportunities such as education and employment |
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resilience
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successful adaptation under adversity, challenge, or threatening circumstances, stress or trauma
- this is a dynamic process encompassing learning, problem-solving, and positive adaptation within the context of obstacles and significant adversity |
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risk
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an increase in the probability or occurrence of pathology or negative outcome, similar to the concept of danger
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vulnerability
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characteristics that increase the probabilty of negative outcomes if exposed to risk
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psychosocial
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inseparable interplay between psychological experience and social/cultural contexts
-the term recognizes the connection between feelings, thoughts, perceptions, and social environment -also used to describe how experience and intervention neccessarily have both psychological and social ramifications |
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child
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(crc definition)
a person below the age of 18, unless the laws of a particular country set the legal age for adulthood younger |
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child
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(crc definition)
a person |
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institutionalization in Eastern Europe
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continued reliance on institutional care for children with disabilities is based on:
- inadequate supportive services to parents keeping children with disabilites at home, - very small social assistance to families with a child with a disability - limited numbers of alternatives to institutionalization care |
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participation
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participation rights include the right to express opinions and be heard, the right to information, and the right to freedom of association
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social model of disability
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shift in focus from a child's limitations arising from impairments, to the barriers within society that prevent the child from having access to basic social services & society at large
the social makes us look at ourselves and our social structures |
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not without us
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rights based approach: inclusion and mainstreaming, equality and non-discrimination, participation
education for all: accomodation, specialized education and mainstreaming |
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Bauleni Street Kids
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name for disabled children in Lusake, Zamibia who were not receiving services or an education
- the children were avoided & excluded from community and school, they were thought to have epilepsy - sisters used standards for educating disabled/orphaned children: inclusion & mainstreaming, social life and skills training, soon the street children were getting a better education than the children in the regular school - within two years, the community wanted the program moved and the children removed from the school |
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diarrheal disease
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mainly caused by poor sanitation and lack of access to clean drinking water
2nd leading cause of death in U5MR |
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maternal mortality
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rate of women dying from complications related to pregnancy/childbirth
5 direct complications (70% of rate) 1- haemorrahge 2- infection 3- unsafe abortion 4- eclampsia 5- obstructed labor unavailable, inacessible, unaffordable, or poor quality care is responsible for the high rates |
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main proximate causes of child death
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main killers remain the same as in 1980
- diahrrea, pneumonia & malaria |
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extreme poverty
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similar to absolute poverty
characterized by people who spend most/all of their day trying to access basic needs big concern is they have no time or ability for income generating activities and saving money |
