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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do RR criticise other theories? |
No other theories offer a practical solution to solving the issue of increasing crime rates. |
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How do RR criticise the labelling theory? |
Too sympathetic towards the criminals. |
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What is the main focus of the RR? |
finding practical solutions to controlling crime. |
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How do RR believe the issue of crime should be tackled? |
Through control and punishment. |
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According to RR, what are the 3 factors that crime is a product of? |
-Inadequate socialisation and the underclass -Individual biological differences -rational choice to offend |
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Who argued that individual biological differences was a cause of crime? |
Wilson and Herrnstein. |
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What did Wilson and Herrnstein argue? |
-Some people are more likely to commit crime because of biological differences such as personality traits. -Low intelligence is the main cause of crime, which they argue is biologically determined. |
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Who do RR believe are the best agent of socialisation? |
The nuclear family. |
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What is the underclass? |
A group in society who are defined by anti-social behaviour and failure to socialise their children properly. |
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Why does Murray believe crime is increasing? |
Because of the growth of the underclass. |
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Why does Murray believe there has been an increase in the size of the underclass? |
-Welfare dependency -Led to a decline in marriage, increase in lone parents and resulted in men not being employed as they do not have to support their families. |
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Why does Murray believe lone mothers are an ineffective agent of socialisation, especially for boys? |
-Lack of an appropriate male role model. -Lack of paternal discipline. -Turn to crime to gain status. |
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Why is the underclass bad for society? |
-threatens social cohesion as it undermines the values of hard work and personal responsibility. |
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What is Clarkes argument? |
the decision to commit crime is a choice based on rational calculation of the consequences. |
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What is Felsons argument? |
Routine Active Theory- For a crime to occur there has to be a motivated offender, a suitable target and abscence of a ‘capable guardian.’ |
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What do RR believe are the 4 main ways to tackle crime? |
1- The broken window thesis 2- Zero tolerance policies 3- Role of the police is to control the street and protect law abiding citizens. 4-Target Hardening |
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5 Evaluation Points of RR. |
-ignores wider structural causes of crime. -fails to explain violent crime through the rational choice theory. -over emphasis of biological factors. -free choice view conflicts with the view behaviour is determined by biology/socialisation. -ignores corporate crime. |
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Define individualism. |
Concern with the self and ones own individual rights rather than those of the group. |
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Who is the main sociologist associated with LR? |
Young. |
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LR are ? Sociologists. |
Reformist |
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What do LR believe are the 3 main causes of crime? |
1- Relative Deprivation 2-Marginalisation 3-Subcultures |
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How has the late modern society caused crime? |
-destabilised families and communities -growing contrast between cultural inclusion and economic exclusion - 'downwards relative deprivation' |
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What are the 2 ways LR think we should use to tackle crime? |
1- Change the style of policing 2- Tackle the underlying causes of crimes |
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State 4 evaluation points of LR. |
-fails to explain corporate crime which is more dangerous. -uses quantitative data so cannot explain motives of the offenders -over predicts the amount of crime: not everyone who experiences relative deprivation will commit crime -unrepresentative: make crime appear a bigger problem than it is. |
