Cd 211 Laryngeal Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

The larynx is

Back 1

comprised of three unpaired and three paired cartilages.

a musculo-cartilagenous structure.

superior to the trachea.

Front 2

The space between the vocal folds is the

Back 2

glottis.

Front 3

The inferior-most cartilage of the larynx is the

Back 3

cricoid.

Front 4

The ring-like cartilage that is higher in theposterior aspect than the anterior is the

Back 4

cricoid.

Front 5

The most massive of the laryngeal cartilages is the

Back 5

thyroid

Front 6

The cartilage that articulates with the thyroidcartilage is the

Back 6

cricoid.

Front 7

The cartilage that articulates with the inferioraspect of the arytenoid cartilage is the

Back 7

cricoid.

Front 8

The cartilage that articulates with the superioraspect of the arytenoid cartilage is the

Back 8

corniculate.

Front 9

Which of the following is a leaf-like cartilage?

Back 9

Epiglottis

Front 10

The bone that articulates with the thyroid cartilageis the

Back 10

hyoid.

Front 11

The superior-most cartilage of the larynx is the

Back 11

epiglottis

Front 12

The membrane that stretches across the space betweenthe greater cornu of the hyoid and the lateral thyroid is the

Back 12

thyrohyoid.

Front 13

The small indentations in the membranous fold betweenthe epiglottis and the tongue are the

Back 13

valleculae.

Front 14

The entryway to the larynx is the

Back 14

aditus

Front 15

The cavity of the larynx immediately superior to theventricular folds is the

Back 15

vestibule.

Front 16

Which of the following is the cavity between the trueand false vocal folds?

Back 16

Laryngeal ventricle

Front 17

The prominence superior to the laryngeal ventricleis/are the

Back 17

false vocal folds.

Front 18

The point of articulation between the cricoid andthyroid cartilages is the

Back 18

cricothyroid joint.

Front 19

The cricoid cartilage articulates with this portion ofthe thyroid cartilage.

Back 19

Inferior cornu

Front 20

The arytenoid cartilage articulates with this portionof the cricoid cartilage.

Back 20

Superior surface

Front 21

The hyoid bone articulates with this aspect of thethyroid cartilage.

Back 21

Superior cornua

Front 22

This aspect of the hyoid articulates with the thyroidcartilage.

Back 22

Greater cornu

Front 23

This cartilage articulates with the apex of thearytenoid cartilage.

Back 23

Corniculate

Front 24

The thyrovocalis muscle attaches to this process ofthe arytenoid cartilage.

Back 24

Vocal

Front 25

The thyromuscularis muscle attaches to this process ofthe arytenoid cartilage.

Back 25

Muscular

Front 26

This class of speech sounds is produced without theuse of vocal folds.

Back 26

Voiceless phonemes

Front 27

The space between the vocal folds is the

Back 27

glottis.

Front 28

Which of the following greatly increases turbulence inthe airway?

Back 28

Constriction

Adducted vocal folds

Front 29

The Bernoulli effect states that

Back 29

airflow at a constriction increases in velocity

Front 30

Which of the following is the formula for pressure?

Back 30

P = F/A

Front 31

The Bernoulli effect states that

Back 31

at a constriction, there will be a decrease inpressure.

Front 32

Transglottal pressure refers to

Back 32

the air pressure difference between subglottal andsupraglottal areas.

Front 33

In the closed phase of phonation,

Back 33

subglottal pressure is greater than supraglottalpressure.

Front 34

In the open phase of phonation,

Back 34

subglottal pressure equals supraglottalpressure

Front 35

Which of the following causes the vocal folds toreturn to their resting position after having been blown open during a cycle ofphonation?

Back 35

Negative pressure between vocal folds

Elasticity of vocal folds

Front 36

When the vocal folds once again make contact during acycle of phonation,

Back 36

airflow ceases

Front 37

The minimum transglottal pressure to cause adductedvocal folds to vibrate is

Back 37

3–5 cm H2O.

Front 38

The act of bringing the vocal folds together is called

Back 38

Adduction

Front 39

Which of the following is a respiratory response tothe presence of a foreign object or irritation?

Back 39

Cough

Front 40

If a client can perform this gesture, he or she hasthe physical ability to perform voicing.

Back 40

Coughing

Front 41

Which of the following requires use of the lateralcricoarytenoid muscle?

Back 41

Cough

Throat clearing

Front 42

The process of impounding air for the purpose ofexertion

Back 42

is a function of abdominal fixation.

requires adduction of the vocal folds.

Front 43

Dilation of the larynx requires use of the

Back 43

posterior cricoarytenoid

Front 44

During swallowing, the airway is covered and protectedby the

Back 44

epiglottis.

Front 45

To initiate phonation, one must

Back 45

ADDUCT the vocal folds

Front 46

Bringing the vocal folds into position to initiatephonation is termed

Back 46

attack.

Front 47

Bringing the vocal folds together at the same timeairflow reaches them is termed

Back 47

simultaneous attack

Front 48

Bringing the vocal folds together prior tocommencement of airflow is termed

Back 48

glottal attack.

Front 49

Bringing the vocal folds together after airflow hasbeen initiated is termed

Back 49

breathy attack.

Front 50

Termination of phonation requires that one

Back 50

ABDUCT the vocal folds.

Front 51

The __________________ cartilage is a large, leaf-like structurethat covers the aditus of the larynx during swallowing.

Back 51

epiglottis

Front 52

The ____________________ horn of the hyoid bone articulateswith the thyroid cartilage.

Back 52

greater

Front 53

The joint between the arytenoid and cricoid cartilagesis termed the ____________________ joint

Back 53

cricoarytenoid

Front 54

The oblique arytenoid muscle is a(n)(adductor/abductor/tensor/relaxer) ____________________.

Back 54

adductor

Front 55

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is a(n)(adductor/abductor/tensor/relaxer) ____________________.

Back 55

adductor

Front 56

The posterior cricoarytenoid is a(n)(adductor/abductor/tensor/relaxer) ____________________.

Back 56

abductor

Front 57

The thyrovocalis is a(n)(adductor/abductor/tensor/relaxer) ____________________.

Back 57

tensor

Front 58

The thyromuscularis is a(n)(adductor/abductor/tensor/relaxer) ____________________.

Back 58

relaxer

Front 59

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is innervated bymeans of the ____________________ cranial nerve.

Back 59

X vagus

Front 60

The ______________________ branch of the X vagus nerveinnervates the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle.

Back 60

recurrent laryngeal

Front 61

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is innervated by the_________________________ branch of the X vagus nerve.

Back 61

superior laryngeal

Front 62

The _________________________ branch of the X vagusnerve innervates the oblique arytenoid muscles.

Back 62

recurrent laryngeal

Front 63

The _________________________ branch of the X vagusnerve innervates the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.

Back 63

recurrent laryngeal

Front 64

The term _________________________ refers to thedegree of force that may be applied by the vocal folds at their point ofcontact.

Back 64

medial compression

Front 65

The _________________ belly of the digastricus muscle coursesfrom the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the hyoid bone.

Back 65

posterior

Front 66

The ____________________ muscle originates on thestyloid process of the temporal bone and courses to the hyoid bone.

Back 66

stylohyoid

Front 67

The ____________________ muscle originates on the underside of themandible, coursing fanlike to the median fibrous raphe and the hyoid bone.

Back 67

mylohyoid

Front 68

The ____________________ muscle forms the floor of the mouth.

Back 68

mylohyoid

Front 69

The ____________________muscle originates on the mental spines ofthe mandible, coursing to the corpus of the hyoid bone.

Back 69

geniohyoid

Front 70

The ____________________ muscle courses from thesternum to the hyoid bone.

Back 70

sternohyoid

Front 71

The ____________________ muscle is the only laryngealdepressor with two bellies.

Back 71

omohyoid

Front 72

The ____________________ belly of the omohyoid muscle arises fromthe hyoid bone and courses down to an intermediate tendon.

Back 72

superior

Front 73

The ____________________ muscle courses from the sternum to thethyroid cartilage.

Back 73

sternothyroid

Front 74

The ____________________ muscle courses from theoblique line of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone.

Back 74

thyrohyoid

Front 75

The ____________________ muscle lies medial to thethyromuscularis muscle.

Back 75

thyrovocalis

Front 76

The _________________________ muscle originates on theposterior-lateral surface of one arytenoid cartilage and courses laterally tothe other posterior-lateral surface.

Back 76

transverse arytenoid

Front 77

The ____________________ muscle is directly attached to thesternum and hyoid, and depresses the hyoid.

Back 77

sternohyoid

Front 78

The ____________________ muscle runs between twounpaired laryngeal cartilages; it tenses the vocal folds.

Back 78

cricothyroid

Front 79

The ____________________ muscle has two bellies that insert intoan intermediate tendon that attaches to the hyoid.

Back 79

digastricus

Front 80

The ____________________ muscle arises from the styloid process ofthe temporal bone and inserts into the hyoid.

Back 80

stylohyoid

Front 81

The ____________________ belly of the digastricus muscle pulls thehyoid back.

Back 81

posterior

Front 82

The ____________________ cartilage is embedded within thearyepiglottic folds.

Back 82

cuneiform

Front 83

The ____________________ muscle is the primary muscleassociated with change in vocal fundamental frequency.

Back 83

cricothyroid

Front 84

The _________________________ muscle is primarilyresponsible for medial movement of the vocal folds.

Back 84

lateral cricoarytenoid

Front 85

The ____________________ muscle is primarily responsible forrelaxing the vocal folds.

Back 85

thyromuscularis

Front 86

The ____________________ muscle is the muscularelement of the vocal folds.

Back 86

thyrovocalis

Front 87

The ____________________ muscle depresses the thyroid cartilage.

Back 87

sternothyroid

Front 88

The ______________________________ muscle is responsible forabduction of the vocal folds.

Back 88

posterior cricoarytenoid

Front 89

The ______________________________ muscle is responsible forlaryngeal dilation.

Back 89

posterior cricoarytenoid

Front 90

The _________________________ attaches to the cricoidcartilage and adducts the vocal folds.

Back 90

lateral cricoarytenoid

Front 91

The ____________________ cartilage rocks down during pitchelevation.

Back 91

thyroid

Front 92

The ____________________ cartilage rocks up duringpitch increase.

Back 92

cricoid

Front 93

When the ____________________ cartilage rocks down,the vocal folds adduct.

Back 93

arytenoid

Front 94

The ____________________ joint is the primary joint of pitchchange.

Back 94

cricothyroid

Front 95

The ____________________ joint is the primary joint ofvocal-fold adduction.

Back 95

thyroarytenoid

Front 96

The ____________________ cartilage stiffens the aryepiglotticfolds.

Back 96

cuneiform

Front 97

The term ____________________ is used by singers to refer to differences in mode of vibration of the vocal folds.

Back 97

register

Front 98

The ____________________ mode of vibration is characterized as reed-like.

Back 98

falsetto

Front 99

The ____________________ mode of vibration is the one used most frequently in speech.

Back 99

modal

Front 100

The ____________________ mode of vibration has the lowest fundamental frequency.

Back 100

glottal fry

Front 101

The ____________________ mode of vibration has the highest frequency of vibration.

Back 101

falsetto

Front 102

In ____________________, there is no voicing; rather, the soundsource is the turbulence of air passing by tensed vocal folds.

Back 102

whisper

Front 103

The primary frequency of vibration is called the_________________________.

Back 103

fundamental frequency

Front 104

____________________ are whole-number multiples of the fundamentalfrequency.

Back 104

Vocal harmonics

Front 105

_________________________ is the process of capturing air withinthe thorax to provide the muscles with a structure upon which to push or pull.

Back 105

Abdominal fixation

Front 106

____________________ pitch refers to the frequency ofvocal-fold vibration that is most appropriate for an individual.

Back 106

Optimal

Front 107

____________________ pitch refers to the frequency of vibration ofthe vocal folds that is used normally and most frequently during speech.

Back 107

Habitual

Front 108

To increase vocal intensity, we (increase/decrease)____________________ subglottal pressure.

Back 108

increase

Front 109

To increase vocal intensity, we (increase/decrease)____________________ the open phase of vocal-fold vibration.

Back 109

decrease

Front 110

The __________________ muscle courses from the arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis.

Back 110

Aryepiglottic

Front 111

The ___________________ muscle is the primary muscle involved in deflecting the epiglottis.

Back 111

Thyroepiglotticus