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177 Cards in this Set
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most important composition of the Bharatnatyam repertoire |
, varnam - encompasses both nritta and nritya |
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Bharatnatyam performance ends with a
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tillana which has its origin in the tarana of Hindustani music and mangalam-blessing of gods |
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person who conducts the dance recitation in bharatanatyam is called
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Nattuvanar. |
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Kathak was groomed by the cult |
Vaishnavite |
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Kathak is the only form of classical dance wedded to |
Hindustani |
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two forms of Kuchipudi; |
the traditional musical dance-drama and the solo dance |
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non-narrative and abstract dancing= |
nritta |
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full foot contact is of prime importance in the dance |
kathak
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3 Drums used in kathak |
pakhawaj or mridangam or tabla |
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the only classical dance of India having links with Muslim culture, |
kathak |
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tumri, bhajan, dadra are associated with |
kathak musical compositions |
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Kathakali is inspired from |
Chakiarkoothu, Koodiyattam, Krishnattam and Ramanattam a |
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Kathakali is a blend of |
dance, music and acting and dramatizes stories, which are mostly adapted from the Indian epics. |
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characters in a Kathakali performance are broadly divided into |
satvika, rajasika and tamasika types. |
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Satvika characters in kathakali are are |
noble, heroic, generous and refined. |
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The facial muscles play an important part in the dance |
kathakali |
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kathakali is based upon |
natya shastra |
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maharis of odissi were |
originally temple dancers came to be employed in royal courts which resulted in the degeneration of the art form |
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gotipuas were |
a class of boys who were trained in odissi who danced in the temples and also for general entertainment |
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odissi uses |
nine rasas |
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two basic postures of odissi |
chowk and thribhangi |
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All leg movements in odissi are |
spiral/circular |
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In odissi, the dancers seek |
moksha through dance |
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Sattras are |
( Vaishnava maths/monasteries |
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There were two dance forms prevalent in Assam before the neo-Vaishnava movement - |
Ojapali and Devadasi |
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Sattriya is similar to |
Bihu,bodo,devadasi,ojapali |
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devadasi's are associated with the dances |
bharatanatyam and odissi |
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sattriya was introduced by |
great Vaishnava saint and reformer of Assam, Mahapurusha Sankaradeva |
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one of the main festivals still performed in Manipur is |
Lai Haraoba(merrymaking of the gods) is |
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Sadir was the original name of |
bharatanatyam |
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The most popular forms of Manipur danceare the |
Ras, the Sankirtana and the Thang-Ta. |
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Thang-ta is |
martial dancers of Manipur |
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Sankirtana of manipuri dance has |
Kirtan form of congregational singing |
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masculine part of sankirtana(manipuri)
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cholom |
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The Manipuri classical style of singing is called |
Nat |
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Nat style of singing features- |
high pitched open throated rendering with particular type of trills and modulations. |
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The main musical instrument in manipuri dance is |
the Pung or the Manipuri classical drum. |
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The regional system of music that Mohiniyattam follows is the |
SOPANA style which in it's lyricism is evocative of the spiritual element |
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Ashokan edicts are found at |
Laghman, near Jalalabad Bharhut, (MP) Bodhgaya (bihar) Sanchi, (MP) Amravati (maharashtra) Nagarjunakonda (Andhra pradesh) |
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3 important stupas of ashoka |
Sanchi stupa Amravati stupa gandhara stupa |
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amravati stupa was transferred from |
a Hinayana shrine to a Mahayana shrine. |
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stupas of Nagarjunakonda in Krishna valley were |
very large |
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Maha Chaitya of ___________ has a base in the form of Swastika, which is a sun symbol. |
Nagarjunakonda |
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Which stupa is a further development of stupas at Sanchi and Bharhut |
GANDHARA STUPA |
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Mahayana buddhism flourished in which school of architecture? |
gandhara |
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geographical range of gandhara architecture was |
region extending from Punjab to the borders of Afghanistan |
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gandhara architecture was influenced by cultures of |
Persian, Greek, Roman, Saka and Kushan. |
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biggest patron of gandhara architecture |
kanishka |
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which architecture also known as the Graeco- Buddhist School of Art |
gandhara |
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most important contribution of gandhara architecture |
evolution of beautiful images of the Buddha and Bodhisattavas, |
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beautiful images of the Buddha and Bodhisattavas in gandhara architecture were made in ________ and modelled on ____ |
black stone and modelled on identical characters of Graeco-Roman pantheon |
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complex symbolism is a feature of which buddhist architecture |
gandhara |
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tallest rock-cut statue of Lord Buddha - |
Bamiyan (Afghanistan) - 3-4 century AD. |
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bamiyan statue is based on which school of architecture |
gandhara |
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which school established tradition of transforming Buddhist symbols into human form |
mathura |
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earliest sculptures of Buddha were made keeping the____________ prototype in mind. |
yaksha |
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In the yakshaprototype buddha is seen as______ |
strongly built - right hand raised in protection and left hand on the waist |
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difference b/w mathura school of art and gandhara school of art |
origin: mathura-yaksha images gandhara-greek influences material used: mathura-spotted red sandstone gandhara- grey sandstone image features 1)no moustaches and beards in mathura 2) mathura had padmasana and gandhara had cross legged 3)mudras and detailed sculpion in gandhara unlike mathura |
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features of sarnath school of architecture |
cream colour sandstone halo of sculpture is very elaborate less nakedness |
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mathura school of architecture was initially inspired by |
yaksha images |
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examples of mathura school of architecture |
Sarnath, Sravasti and even as far as Rajgir |
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AMRAVATI SCHOOL OF ART-geographical location______ |
on the banks of the Krishna River in modern Andhra Pradesh. |
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Two features of nagara style of temple architecture |
In plan- the temple is a square with a number of graduated projections-cruciform shape-re-entrant angles on each side. In elevation, a Sikhara, i.e., tower gradually inclines inwards in a convex curve. |
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which temple is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of India? |
Mahakaleshwar temple |
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temple regarded as the birthplace of Mars, according to the Matsya Purana. |
Mangalnath temple, |
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Skanda Purana talks about the temple ______ |
Kal Bhairava temple, |
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Khajuraho temples were built by |
chandelas |
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3 temples of khajuraho |
Shiva Temple at Visvanath and Vishnu Temple at Chaturbhunj Kendriya Mahadev temple |
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4 features of dravidian temple architecture |
1.The principal part, the temple itself, is called the Vimana (or Vimanam). It is always square in plan and surmounted by a pyramidal roof of one or more stories; it contains the cell where the image of the god is placed. 2. The porches or Mandapas, which always cover and precede the door leading to the cell. 3. Gate-pyramids or Gopurams, which are the principal features in the quadrangular enclosures that surround the more notable temples. 4.Pillared halls or Chaultris—properly Chawadis -- used for various purposes, and which are the invariable accompaniments of these temples |
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Chawadis /chaultris |
Pillared halls used for various purposes, and which are the invariable accompaniments of dravida temple architecture |
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Vesara style is a combination of |
NAGARA & DRAVIDIAN temple styles |
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split up of ajanta caves |
5 caves are Chaitya-grihas, & rest are Viharas(monasteries) |
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ajanta caves depict |
a large number of incidents from the life of the Buddha (Jataka Tales). |
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which cave has 3 major religion of india- Hinduism, Buddhism & Jainism. |
ELLORA CAVES(5th -13th Cen AD) |
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ellora caves lie on ancient trade route- |
dakshinpatha. |
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______________ temple of Elephanta caves is one of the most exquisitely carved temples in India. |
6th century Shiva temple in the |
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central attraction of the shiva temple in elephanta caves is |
twenty-foot high bust of the deity in three-headed form-The Maheshamurti |
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maheshamurti image symbolizes |
the fierce, feminine and meditative aspects of the great ascetic |
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three heads of maheshamurthi represent Lord Shiva as |
Aghori, Ardhanarishvara and Mahayogi. |
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aggressive form of Shiva where he is intent on destruction |
Aghori |
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symbolises the meditative aspect of the God. |
Mahayogi |
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MAHAKALI CAVES are ___________ in ____________. |
rock-cut Buddhist caves situated in Udayagiri hills, Mumbai. |
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Chief cave of the mahakali caves____ and it contains _________ |
Cave 9 is the chief cave and is the oldest and consists of a stupa and figures of Lord Buddha. |
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JOGESHWAR AND KANHERI CAVES house the temple _______ |
Brahmanical temple |
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The Kanheri caves contain illustrations from |
Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism |
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KARLA AND BHAJA CAVES |
these are rock-cut Buddhist caves in pune |
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protection by wide ditches filled with water surrounding the fort were a feature of _______ architecture |
rajput-Bharatpur and Deeg, |
Name the buildings as well |
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Man Mandir has |
two storeys above, and two below ground level overhanging a sandstone cliff. This gigantic cliff is punctuated by five massive round towers, crowned by domed cupolas and linked by delicately carved parapets. |
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distinguishing feature of jain architecture was |
frequent chamukhs or four-faced temples. |
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Who is a thirthankara |
In Jainism, a Tīrthaṅkara is a person who has conquered saṃsāra (the cycle of death and rebirth), and provide a bridge for others to follow them from saṃsāra to moksha |
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________________ is a characteristic example of the four-door temple of jain architecture |
Chamukh temple of Adinath (1618 AD) |
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most spectacular of all Jain temples are found at |
Ranakpur and Mount Abu in Rajasthan. |
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which style used cementing agent in the form of mortar for the first time |
THE INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE |
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what is Qibla |
is the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays |
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what does mihrab indicate |
mihrab indicates the direction of the qibla for prayer |
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mimbar or pulpit is |
from where the Imam presides over the proceedings. |
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who started erecting monumental buildings of stone on Qila Rai Pithora? |
Qutubuddin Aibak, |
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Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid/Qutub Mosque |
whose arcaded aisles were composed of pillars carved in the Hindu style |
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who started the construction of Qutub Minar |
Qutub-ud-din Aibak |
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Alai Darwaza and siri fort were built by |
Allauddin Khilji |
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Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq features |
built of red sandstone, is an irregular pentagon in its exterior plan and its design is of the pointed or "Tartar" shape and is crowned by a finial(top) resembling the kalasa and amla of a Hindu temple. |
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The kashmir regional style of architecture was typified by use of |
woodwork. |
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- examples of the wooden architecture |
mosque of Shah Hamdan in Srinagar and the Jami Masjid at Srinagar built by Sikandar Butshikan (1400 AD) |
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Persian influence in mughal architecture was during the time of |
Humayun |
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Akbar's time mughal architecture material used was |
red sandstone |
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Islamic and Hindu elements were blended in their architectural style during |
akbar's rule |
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Diwan-e-Khas in the complex which was designed for |
private audiences. |
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During Shah jahan's rule material changed from |
red sandstone to marble |
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PUNJAB STYLE of architecture is characterised by |
certain indigenous features like the multiplicity of chattris /kiosks, use of fluted dome generally covered with copper or brass-gilt and enrichment of arches |
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Cartesian grid plans and classical architectural patterns are a feature of |
FRENCH: |
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True Fresco Method |
The paintings are done when the surface wall is still wet so that the pigments go deep inside the wall surface |
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Tempera or Fresco-Secco- |
method of painting on the lime plastered surface which has been allowed to dry first and then drenched with fresh lime water. |
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High-quality art with the help of tempera was created in |
Bagh Caves |
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Which caves had exclusively Buddhist paintings |
Ajanta Caves |
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ELLORA CAVE PAINTING:-most important characteristic features |
sharp twist of the head, long drawn open eyes sharp projected nose and painted angular bents of the arms, concave curve of the close limbs,
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WALL PAINTINGS IN SOUTH INDIA Tanjore, Tamil Nadu is different from ajanta tradition in |
tanjore has wide open eyes of all the figures as compared to Ajanta tradition of half closed drooping eyes |
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dancing girl painting is seen in |
Brihadeshwara temple of Tanjore |
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Deccani schools of painting are |
ahmednagar Bijapur golconda hyderabad tanjore mysore |
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typical feature of deccani paintings |
rich colour profuse use of gold colour |
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Lady with the myna bird is from which school of painting |
golconda of the deccani school |
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Mughal painters who migrated to the Deccan during the period of Aurangzeb sought patronage in |
hyderabad school of paintings |
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The material used for drawing on in tanjor paintings |
cloth spread on wood |
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conical crown - a typical feature of |
the Tanjore painting |
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Difference b/w mysore and tanjore paintings |
MYSORE is more subtle and done on paper, while the Tanjore works on cloth stretched over wood |
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surface of the painting is divided into several compartments of different colours in order to separate one scene from another is a feature of |
rajasthani school of paintings |
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Use of contrasting colours is a feature of which painting style |
rajasthani style of painting |
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Which rajasthani school of painting has close similarity to mughal style of painting |
BIKANER Bikaner had close relations with the Mughals. |
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naturalistic character is a trait of which style of painting |
Mughal painting. |
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vigorous and bold line and strong glowing colours is seen in which style of pahari paintings |
Basohli |
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4 styles of pahari paintings |
basohli,kangra, kulu and Guler(jammu) |
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KALIGHAT PAINTINGS are from and it's main feature |
KOLKATA Kalighat painting was a product of the changing urban society of the 19th century Calcutta. |
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KOHBAR GHAR |
madhubani women used to paint the walls of room, known as kohbar ghar in which the newly wedded couple meet for the first time. |
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PHAD style of painting featured |
SCROLL PAINTINGS |
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most popular & largest Phad paintings were of |
most popular & largest Phad - local deities Devnarayanji and Pabuji |
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In the kalamkari style the colours used were |
gods are painted blue, the demons and evil characters in red and green. Yellow is used for female figures and ornaments. Red is mostly used as a background. |
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Tata Vadya means |
Stringed instruments |
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Avanaddha Vadya means |
Percussion instruments |
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Ghana Vadya means |
Solid instruments |
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dulcimer type instrument means |
where a number of strings are stretched on a box of wood, |
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Wind instruments are roughly divided into two categories |
flute and reed |
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Ankya is a |
Ankya is a drum that is held horizontally before the musician |
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examples of ankya drums |
Mridangam, Pakhawaj, Khol, |
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Oordhwaka are |
Oordhwaka drums are placed vertically before the musician and sound is produced by striking them with sticks or the fingers. |
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Prominent Oordhwaka drums are |
Prominent among these are the Tabla pair and Chenda |
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Damaru is a |
hourglass variety of drums |
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damaru exmples |
Huddaka is struck with the hands while Timila is hung from the shoulders and played with sticks and fingers. |
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Jhanj Player is a sculpture in |
sun temple Konarak, Orissa |
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MATHURI (KOPPU) is a |
MATHURI (KOPPU) is a folk dance from andhra pradesh -Umji and Indravelli forest |
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JHIJHIA is a |
folk dance from bihar |
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GAUR MADIA is a |
folk dance from CHHATTISGARH |
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KAKSAR is a |
folk dance from , CHHATTISGARH |
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CHHOLIYA |
is a dance from uttarakhand |
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SAMAI |
is a dance from goa |
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DAANG |
is a folk dance from gujarat |
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SIDDHI DHAMAL |
SIDDHI DHAMAL is a folk dance from GUJARAT |
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KINNAURI NATTI |
KINNAURI NATTI is a dance from HIMACHAL PRADESH |
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PAIKA |
PAIKA, JHARKHAND-munda community |
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Rauff is |
Rauff is the most popular dance in the Kashmir Valley |
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JABRO, |
Jabro is a community dance of the nomadic people of Tibetan origin living in Ladakh |
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VEERBHADRA |
folk dance of KARNATAKA |
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DHOLU KUNITHA what and who |
DHOLU KUNITHA, KARNATAKA-Dholu Kunitha is a drum dance performed by the men folk of the shepherd community known as Kurubas |
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PURULIA CHHAU, |
Folk dance of West Bengal |
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BADHAI, |
BADHAI, MADHYA PRADESH A typical folk dance of Madhya Pradesh |
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BAREDI, |
MADHYA PRADESH folk dance |
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RAEE, |
RAEE is a folk dance of MADHYA PRADESH |
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Dhol Cholom |
’Dhol Cholom, traditional folk dance of Manipur |
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LEZIM, |
lezim is a folk dance of MAHARASHTRA |
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Lewatana what and who |
lewatana is a folk song and dance of Hajong tribe of Meghalaya |
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RANAPPA CHADDHAIYA, |
RANAPPA CHADDHAIYA, ODISHA |
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Giddha |
Giddha is the favourite dance of Punjab |
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KALBELIA, |
KALBELIA, RAJASTHAN This fascinating folk dance is performed by the women of the nomadic Kalbelia community |
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CHAKRI who and what |
, RAJASTHAN The Chakri dance is performed by the women of the Kanjar community of Rajasthan. |
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Hozagiri |
Hozagiri dance is the most popular and spectacular dance of the Reang community of Tripura |
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Dhobia dance |
Dhobia dance-UP -dhobi's |
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Oldest rock cut cave in India |
Barabar caves in bihar |
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Barabar caves were rock cut by _____ for |
Ashoka for ascetic from ajeevika sect. |
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Barabar caves feature sculptures from |
Hinduism and Buddhism |
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