Ccccd Govt 2301

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How Do Citizens Impact Government?

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Voting, Political Party Activity, Interest Groups, Direct Action

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Government:

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People, instutions, and processes that make rules for society; and possess the power to enforce them.

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Direct Democracy:

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Rule by the people, individuals directly handling government deliverations.

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Representative Democracy:

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Rule by the people, leaders are elected to speak for and represent the people.

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Public Policy:

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A course of action chosen by government officials.

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David Easton's "systems approach" to government:

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Inputs:
Demands-What people/groups want from the government
Supports-Attitudes/actions of people that sustain the system.
Outputs: Binding decisions made by political system.
Feedback: Response of society to decisions made by political system.

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The Grange:

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Founded in 1867, first Texas chapter est. in 1872. Organized to try to defend farmers against economic hardship.

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Political Socialization:

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Acquired set of political attitudes/opinion formed about politcal and social issues.

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Political Culture:

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Fundamental beliefs about how government and politcs should be conducted.

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Articles of Confederation:

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1781-1789. Written framework for government of original 13 states; before constitution; ratified by individual states in 1781.

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Constitution:

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Living document; written at Philadelphia Connvention, summer of 1787. Created potential for strong national government. Established 3 branches of gov't. Executive, Legislative, and Judicial--each sharing power to providea system of checks and balances. Also set up Federalism, meaning states share some powers and functions of national government. Ratified in 1788. Amended 27 times.

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Bill of Rights:

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First 10 amendments to the constitution, intended to protect citizens from gov't. Include provisions for freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, and petition. Also right to bear arms, protection from illegal search and seizure, right to due process of law, speedy and public trial by jury in criminal cases. Protection from double jeopardy, self incriminaiton, and cruel/unusual punishment.

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Declaration of Independence:

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Richard H. Lee, 13 original colonies had been freed from Britain's rule. Approved on July 04 1776.

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Shay's Rebellion:

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Daniel Shays led a group of struggling farmersto fight to keep their property. They were defeated, but showed why the constitution was needed. To circumvent "mob rule".

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Common Law:

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Cumulative body of law, as expressed in judicial decisions and customs.

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Administrative Law:

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Rules and regulations made adn applied by federal regulatory agencies and commissions.

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Statutory Law:

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Enacted by congress, state legislatures, or local legislative bodies.

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Habeus Corpus:

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A writ designed to protect against illegal imprisonment by requiring that a person who is detained be brought before a judge for investigation.

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Ex Post Facto Law:

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Law that punishs an act taht was not considered illegal at the time it was committed.

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Certiorari:

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An agreement by to review a case, made by the Supreme Cout.

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Separation of Powers:

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The idea that each branch of government is equal to and independent of the others.

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Checks and Balances:

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Power equally divided, so no one branch is too powerful/

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Judicial Review:

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The power of the Supreme Court to declare acts of Congress or actions by the executive branch-or laws and actions at any level of local, state, and federal-gov't unconstitutional.

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Plessy v. Ferguson:

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1896. Supreme Court ruled that Louisiana statue requiring separate but equal accomodations for black and whites was not unconstitutional. Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in a 'whites only' coach on an East Louisiana Railroad train.

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Brown v. Board of Education:

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1954. Topeka, Kansas. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools did, in fact, violate the 14th amendment. Oliver Brown's daughter was unable to enroll his daughter in a 'whites only' school just 7 blocks from home. Instead she was forced to walk a dangerous path to her school which was 21 blocks from home.

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25th Amendment:

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If president is killed/disabled/ or incapacitated, Speaker of House, Secretary of State fall next in line. Ratified in 1967. New president may nominate a new VP, must be confirmed by majority vote of house and senate.

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Watergate:

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June 1970. Break in to the offices of the Democratic National Convention. The office was 'bugged' and conversations of Democratic officials had been broadcast by transmitter to a motel across the street. Perps were closely connected to higher-ups in the White House. Tapes found containig record of all conversations involving President Nixon. Nixon was accused, and resigned upon threat of impeachment. Raised question about the extent of Executive Privilege, and whether or not the President was subject to judicial process.

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CREEPP:

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Committee for the Re-Electction of the President.

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Washington Post:

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Bob Woodward, and Carl Bernstien worked at this newspaper; pursued the Watergate Break In story.

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H.R. Haldeman, John Erlichman:

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Nixon Aides, resigned in the wake of the Watergate Scandal.