Ccbc Co-Op Bio Chapter 17-18 Vertebrates: Set 1

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Ectothermic:

Back 1

"cold-blooded"
Describes animals that are not able to maintain a constant body temperature; body temperature varies with the temperature of the environment.
Includes 5 Vertebrate classes:
1. Agnatha (the hagfish and lamprey)
2. Chondrichthyes (sharks and rays)
3. Osteichthyes (bony fish)
4. Amphibia (Salamanders, Frogs)
5. Reptilia (Snakes, crocodile)

Front 2

Endothermic:

Back 2

"warm-blooded"
describes animals that generate their own body heat through physiological changes and mechanisms for maintaining a constant body temperature.
Includes 2 Vertebrate classes:
1. Aves (Birds)
2. Mammalia (Mammals)

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Axial skeleton:

Back 3

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the organs pf the head, neck, and trunk.
Consists of the:
-vertebral column
-skull
-ribs

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Appendicular skeleton:

Back 4

The bones of the pelvic and pectoral girdles and their appendages.
Pelvic girdle: posterior (legs or hindlegs)
Pectoral girdle: anterior (arms or forelegs)

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Arteries:

Back 5

Any blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

Front 6

Veins-

Back 6

-blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart

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Capillaries -

Back 7

blood vessels that have walls one cell thick where diffusion of nutrients and exchange of gases occur.

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Hemoglobin -

Back 8

the red pigment of erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Front 9

Kidneys -

Back 9

a pair of organs that filter waste materials from the blood.

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Carnivore -

Back 10

an animals that feeds upon other animals.

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herbivores:

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an animal that eats plants

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omnivores:

Back 12

eating both plants and animals

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alimentary canal:

Back 13

a group of digestive organs arranged in a continuous tube extending from the mouth to the anus

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external fertilization:

Back 14

the uniting of the sperm and egg outside the organism

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internal fertilization:

Back 15

the fertilization of the ovum inside the female's body

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Oviparous

Back 16

Reproducing by developing young within eggs that are laid and hatched outside the body of the parent.

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Viviparous

Back 17

Bearing live young after they are nourished in the uterus through a placenta.

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Ovoviviparous

Back 18

reproducing by developing young within eggs that hatch in the body of the parent.

Front 19

Olfactory lobes

Back 19

A part of the brain that recieves impulses from the smell receptors in the nostrils.

Front 20

Cerebrum

Back 20

The part of the brain containing major motor and sensory centers; controls voluntary muscle activity; the area of conscious activity

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Optic Lobes-r

Back 21

-receive impulses from the eyes.

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Cerebellum-

Back 22

Coordinates muscle activity and some involuntary activities.

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Medulla Oblongata-

Back 23

Transports impulses to and from the spinal cord, including some reflexes.

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Inborn Behavior-

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The behavior that the organism has from birth and does not need to develop.

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Innate-

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-The behavior that the organism has from birth and does not need to develop, Same as Inborn Behavior.

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Reflex-

Back 26

-an automatic instinctive reaction to a stimulis

Front 27

Instinct-

Back 27

-in born patern of behavior often responsive to a certain stimuli

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Air bladder-

Back 28

- an air filled sac near the spinal coloumn in many fishes that helps mantain buoyance

Front 29

Conditional behavior-

Back 29

-a behavior only in certain situations

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Intelligent behavior-

Back 30

the knowledge of what type of behavior should be used

Front 31

Chromatophores

Back 31

skin cells that contain pigments

Front 32

Pyloric ceca

Back 32

-short tubes located at the junction of the stomach and intestine , of a fish, and are thought to secrete digestive enzymes

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Operculum

Back 33

a plate that covers the gills of a fish

Front 34

Gill filaments

Back 34

-a part of the gill of a fish
- consists of stacks of thin plates covered by a thin epithelium and richly supplied with blood vessels

Front 35

Gill rakers

Back 35

-a part of the gill aof a fish
- consists of a number of cartilage projections on the inner margin of the gill arch that prevent food and debris from passing over and clogging the gills

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Atrium

Back 36

one of the hearts chambers that receives blood from various parts of the body

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Ventricle

Back 37

the chamber in the heart that pushes blood into the arteries

Front 38

Lateral line

Back 38

a canal running the length of the fishes body that detects vibrations in the water

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Spawn

Back 39

the laying of eggs by certain aquatic animals

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Milt

Back 40

the sperm and seminal fluids of certain aquatic animals

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Amphibian:(class Amphibia)

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such as frogs, toads, salamanders, newts and caecilians, are cold-blooded animals that meta metamorphose from a juvenile, water-breathing form to an adult, air-breathing form.

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Nictitating membrane

Back 42

a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye for protection and to moisten the eye while also keeping visibility

Front 43

Tympanic membrane -

Back 43

a circular membranous structure that serves to transmit sounc vibrations to an ear cavity.

Front 44

Gullet -

Back 44

a food passageway into the digestive tract.

Front 45

Glottis:

Back 45

.the space between the vocal folds

Front 46

Hibernation:

Back 46

a state of extremely slow metabolism by which certain animals survive unfavorable conditions.

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Estivation

Back 47

A period of inactivity and slowed metabolism whereby some animals escape unfavorably hot weather conditions

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Cloaca

Back 48

the terminal portion of the digestive tract in certain vertebrates that serves as a common passageway for the elimination of urine and feces.

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Mesenteries-

Back 49

All the digestive organs are enclosed in transparent membranes called Mesenteries

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Amplexus-

Back 50

-A process in which the male, who is frequently smaller than the female, clasps her from behind.

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Amniotic egg-

Back 51

An egg that has a leathery or hard shell in which the embryo is enclosed by an amnion.

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Serpentine movement-

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used by the snake in crawling and swimming, involves the winding of the snake across the ground in a series of S curves. Twigs and stones on the ground aid traction.

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Concertina

Back 53

type of snake locomotion, draws itself into a tight S shape than extending itself forward.

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Rectilinear

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type of snake locomotion, involves scutes, uses its scales by pushing its scales forward and griping the earth and that pulling its body forward.

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Sidewinding

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type of snake locomotion, the snake shuffles through the sand by continually looping its body forward

Front 56

Carapace

Back 56

the portion of the exoskeleton that covers the cephlothorax in some arthropods

Front 57

Plastron

Back 57

the ventral portion of the turtle's body shell

Front 58

quadrate bone-

Back 58

part of a skull in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, inclused birds) and early synapsids.

Front 59

vomeronasal organ or Jacobson's organ,

Back 59

is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ that is found in many animals. It was discovered by Ludvig Jacobson in 1813