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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cations are held on the CEC by ___________ charges on clay and organic matter |
negative |
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Mineral solubility changes most with soil ____________ |
pH |
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if a soil has an EC of 0.6 siemens per meter and contains 20 percent sodium on the CEC, it is a ___________ soil. |
Saline-sodic |
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Which of the soil textures has the highest porosity and lowest bulk density? |
clay |
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Which of textural classes has the largest potential available water? |
silt loam |
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soil microorganisms cause __________ in soil structure when crop residues are added to soil. |
increase |
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When organic materials decompose, most of the Carbon ends up as____________ |
CO2 |
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In order to increase soil organic matter levels, _____________ must be markedly reduced or eliminated. |
tillage |
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A horizon illuviated clay is the __________ horizon. |
B horizon |
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The area of a rectangular field that is 1250 feet long and 700 feet wide is _________ acres. |
1250 x 700 = 875,000/ 43,560 = 20 |
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Name a kind of wind erosion that causes dust storms. |
suspension |
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What factor does not effect wind erosion? |
Slope length |
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Maintaining surface residue on a soil will __________ surface soil warming in the spring. |
retard |
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Subsurface compaction from tillage usually starts____________ |
slightly below the depth of tillage |
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_____________ decreases odor and NH3 losses from biosolids. |
injection |
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Organic solutes tend to move more slowly in soils and soil ____________ content increases. |
organic matter |
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In integrated pest management, the economic injury level is the level at which the ____________ of treatment equals the _____________ of treatment |
cost, economic benefits |
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Which agent causes a disease to occur in a pest reducing the pest population |
predator |
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Which pathogen only survives in living tissue? |
virus |
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____________ is a major way insects feed |
piercing-sucking |
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What is the most important limiting factor for a weed competing with a crop when the crop outgrows the weed |
light |
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Soil for a nematode analysis should be __________ before shipping |
kept cool |
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Which pathognes cause discolored mosaics on plants |
Viruses |
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Maximum plant available water is _________ minus ___________. |
Field capacity, permanent wilting point |
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___________ are raised soil areas used to improve drainage. |
beds |
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Tile drain spacing is smallest for a __________ soil |
clay loam |
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A ______________ is speciffically designed to improve ground water quality before ground water can move to a stream. |
tree planting |
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What characteristics are used to identify grass wee seedlings |
presence or absence of ligules |
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Cropping history of a field can be used to identify pest ___________- |
hosts |
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A limitation of GM crops is ____________ |
lack of marketability in some countries |
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Timing of what three things applications can be used to control pests? |
Planting, harvest, and fertilizing |
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Biologic control agents that work best are_________. |
not indigenous to the crop area |
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_____________ pesticides exert their pesticidal action where they are placed on a plant. |
Contact |
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Herbicides are usually most effective on ___________ |
Fast growing plants |
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Which insecticides target insect eggs? |
Ovicidal |
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______________ fungicides are designed to kill specific pests. |
Narrow Spectrum |
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Which site characteristic increases the potential for soil and water pollution by a pesticide. |
High erosion |
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If a pesticide is moderately toxic, the label will have the signal word ____________ |
Warning |
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Worker Protection Standards do not specifically require ________________ |
inoculation for disease exposure |
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Acute pesticide poisoning is how poisonous a pesticide is to humans after _____________ exposure. |
one |
