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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what six properties of cancer cells endow them with their biologic characteristics?
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1. abnormal regulation of cell cycle
2. immortality 3. autonomous cell growth 4. angiogenesis 5. tissue invasion & metastases 6. genome instability |
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when is a neoplasm considered benign?
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when the pathology predicts that it will remain localized and does not have capacity to metastasize
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what pathological changes indicate that a neoplasm has become malignant?
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cellular atypia
disordered growth stromal invasion |
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Barrett's esophagus
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metaplasia of distal esophagus
normal squamous mucosa is replaced by intestinal type mucosa. (possible causes: tobacco and acid reflux) |
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dysplasia
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disordered growth with morphological features somewhere between normal physiologic hyperplasia and cancer
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cancer cell appearance
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less differentiated
pleomorphic (variation in size & shape) show loss of polarity exhibit altered protein production lose specialized structures (ex. cilia) atypical ratio of area of nucleus to cytoplasm increases nucleus is large and more basophilic (increased DNA content) nucleus may show shape changes including nuclear envelope irregularity increased and abnormal mitoses |
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what does CIN refer to?
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(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) refers to histologically defined pre-invasive dysplasia of cervical epithelial cells (it is the antecedent of malignant disease).
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CIN 1
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(mild dysplasia)
cells begin to "mature" within the lower third of the epithelium |
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where do most cervical cancers arise?
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from the transformation zone of the cervix, where squamous and columnar cells join (squamo-columnar jxn)
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brachytherapy
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close radiotherapy, either intracavitary or interstitial
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colposcopy
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examination of the cervix with a colposcope, a magnifying devise which projects light onto the cervix...used for evaluation of abnormal pap smears, special stains are applied to the cervix to enhance contrast betw. normal and abnormal tissue
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