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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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accommodation
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changing one's understanding of the world to accommodate ideas that conflict with existing concepts
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assimilation
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fitting new ideas into preexisting understandings of the world
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attachment
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the deep emotional bond between child and caregiver
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temperament
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aspects of an individuals personality
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goodness of fit
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the interaction of a child's temperament with that of the parents, considered a key to the development of personality
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blind spot
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a spot in our visual field where the optic nerve goes through the layer of receptor cells on its way back toward the brain, creating a lack of sensory receptors in the eye at that location
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cognition
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mental processes we use to transform sensory input into knowledge
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optical illusion
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discrepant perceptions between object and its reality
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counterfactual thinking
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hypothetical beliefs about the past that could have occurred in order to avoid or change a negative outcome
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carpentered-world theory
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a theory of perception that suggests that people are used to seeing things that are rectangular in shape, and thus unconsciously expect things to have square corners
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front-horizontal foreshortening theory
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a theory of perception that suggests that we interpret vertical lines as horizontal lines extending into the distance-interpret the vertical line in the horizontal-vertical illusion as extending away from us, we see it longer
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dialetical thinking
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the cognitive tendency that accepts, tolerates, and seeks to resolve contradiction
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hindsight bias
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the process in which individuals adjust their memory for something after they find out the true outcome
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perception
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interpretation of sensations
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sensation
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process of sensing our environment
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serial position effect
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the finding that people tend to remember something better if it is either the first or last item on the list
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stereotype threat
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the threat that others' judgements or one's own actions will negatively stereotype one in a domain (such as academic achievement)
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bowlby's theory of attachment
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states that infants must have a pre-programmed biological basis for becoming attached to their caregivers
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primary socialization
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process where people learn attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to an individuals as members of a particular culture
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anticipatory socialization
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process of socialization where a person rehearses for occupations and social relationships
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Monochronic time
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doing 1 thing at a time; adherence to fixed schedule
ex: N. Am. and Europ. |
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Polychronic time
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do many things at once; involvement with people
ex: Latin Am. and Middle Easterners |
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high context
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most background information already within the person; little is in the explicitly transmitted message
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low context
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most information is in the explicitly transmitted code
ex: say what you mean more individualism |
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face saving
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communication deference by allowing someone not to have to admit they are wrong or express any other thing that would cause embarrassment
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noise in transmission model of communication
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source of miscommunication and includes forms of CC diff's
-can inhibit effective transmission of a message b/t sender and receiver or vice versa |
