Cbs 8Th Industrialism

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Iodes

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A rich deposit or supply

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Ellis Island

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In New York Harbor & was a point of entry or temporary stopover for immigrants coming from over sea's

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Exclusion Act of 1882

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An Document that reduced legal Chinese immigrantion to a few hundrew per year. Mainly because Chinese were willing to work for lower wages.

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Religious pluralism

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When a variety of religious beliefs are accepted in a society

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Consolidation

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combining or merging small lines (railroads line)

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Conrnelius Vanderbilt

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Leader of Railroad empire who also had a steamship line in great Lakes. He dreamed of connecting the Great Lakes to New York city.

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Union Pacific

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Railroad company that laid tracks westward using Irish workers and War verterans

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Central Pacific

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Railroad company that laid track eastward using chinese laborers.

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James j. Hill

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A gentelman who used private funds to build a large railroad. Created the Great Northern Railroad

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Great Northern Railroad

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Name given to several railroads bought by Jaqmes j. Hill. This railroad extended through North Dakota and into Canada

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Alexander Graham Bell

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Man who invented the Telephone, which led to whole new industries and big changes in American life.

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Thomas Edison

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Had 1093 patented inventions & promoted the generation of electricity. He created the Light bulb along with many other electrical appliances

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George Westinghouse

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created air brakes for trains, which changed railroad industry, invented in 1869

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Capital

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Investment money

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Sole Proprietorships

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businesses owned by one person

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Partnerships

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Business owned by two or more people

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Andrew Carnegie

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Built a hug steel empire & sold much of it to the railroad.

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Corporation

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Business that has a legal charter and sells stocks to many individual investors.

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John D. Rockefeller

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Was oilman. Him and his associates formed Standard Oil, the first trust.

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Trust

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Is an entity that combined several separate companies into one super-size corporation.

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Capitalism

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Is an economy in which people are free to invest and make profits on their investments. Businesses are owned by private citizens not government.

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Social Darwinism

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Was theory were only fittest members would survive. This was applied to industry and showed little mercy for & did not allow human weakness. Therefor they drove competitors out of business.

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Interstate Commerce Act

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Act passed in 1887 that directed railroads to set reasonable and just rates. It also prevented railroads from unjust practices like charging more or less depending on competition.

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Interstate Commerce Commission

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was formed to examine complaints and when necessary take offenders to court. But nearly every case was lost. judge ruled in favor of railroads.

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Sherman Anti-Trust Act

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Act passed by congress in 1890 that said every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise in restraint of trade is declared illegal.

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Holding Company

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A form of business consolidation that gained control of companies by buying their stock.

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Unions

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workers who were organized into large groups that could stand up to management and demand better wages and working conditions.

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Knights of Labor

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One big union for all workers, skilled and unskilled, men and women created by Uriah P Stephens in 1869.

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Haymarket Square riot

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A riot in 1886 mostly by Knights were 80000 workers went on strike and many people were killed. This hurt Union reputation and linked them with violence.

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American Federation of Labor

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A second Union formed in 1881 formed by Samuel Gomper. This union had specific requirements were only skilled laborers could join & dues were high.

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Collective bargaining

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which is the right of unions to represent workers in negotiations with owners and managers.

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Injunctions

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Official court orders to stop strikes

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materialism

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putting a higher value on money and possessions than God and Christlikeness. was a significant American problem

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Samuel Gompers

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A British-born cigar maker who was president of American Federation of Labor.