Cboi Lecture 9 (Ct)

Front 1

What are zoonotic viruses

Back 1

viruses that have jumped species barriers

Front 2

what is SARS

Back 2

severe acute respiratory syndrome

Front 3

viral genomes are enclosed within

Back 3

capsids (coat proteins)

Front 4

What are cytopathic viruses?

Back 4

lyse host cells by inducing apoptosis or autophagy

Front 5

What are latent viruses

Back 5

viruses that can infect cells without producing infectious virions until immunity wanes or until reactivated by various physiological signals

Front 6

Example of a latent virus

Back 6

herpes

Front 7

example of a cytopathic virus

Back 7

poliovirus

influenza

Front 8

what are non cytopathic viruses

Back 8

replicate without destruction of cells

Front 9

example of non cytopathic virus

Back 9

hepatitis B

Front 10

Example of intestinal virus and how it enters

Back 10

poliovirus enter via antigen sampling M cells

Front 11

example of respiratory virus and how it enters

Back 11

influenza and rhinoviruses establish infection in the epithelial cells of the airways

Front 12

viruses that require insect vectors

Back 12

dengue

hepatitis B

Front 13

example of bloodbourne virus and how it enters

Back 13

HIV and hepatitis B invade through mucosa or epithelia following physical trauma

Front 14

Example of virus that displays tissue tropism

Back 14

HIV

Front 15

major innate immunity is mediated via

Back 15

type 1 interferons, complement and NK cells

Front 16

what are type 1 interferons

Back 16

groups of proteins that induce host cell enzymes that affect transcription and translation of viral genes

Front 17

appearance of virus is followed rapidly by a massive expansion of virus specific

Back 17

CD8 T cells and to a lesser extent CD4

Front 18

after infection with cytolytic viruses what is produced

Back 18

neutrilising antibodies

Front 19

The C1q/r/s complex is a

Back 19

pentraxin that couples antibody binding to the classical pathway of complement.

Front 20

What is the low affinity lgG Fc receptor, expressed on circulating neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and tissue macrophages

Back 20

FCgammaRIII

Front 21

What does AIDS stand for

Back 21

Accquired immune deficiency syndrome

Front 22

AIDS is caused by

Back 22

HIV

Front 23

what does HIV stand for

Back 23

human immunodeficiency virus

Front 24

AIDS was originally known as

Back 24

GRID

Front 25

What does PCP stand for

Back 25

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Front 26

The vast majority of human AIDS infections is caused by

Back 26

HIV-1

Front 27

What is PCP?

Back 27

a form of pneumonia, caused by yeast like fungus pneumocystis jirovecii

Front 28

PCP is normally seen in people who

Back 28

are undergoing chemotherapy,, or have HIV/AIDS or are using medications that affect the immune system

Front 29

HIV-1 originated from

Back 29

a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz)

- retrovirus infects non human parasites

Front 30

SIVcpz was introduced into humans via

Back 30

bushmeat - subsequent mutations into HIV

Front 31

The docking glycoprotein of HIV is known as

Back 31

gp 120

Front 32

The transmembrane glycoprotein of HIV is known as

Back 32

gp41

Front 33

HIV-1 can cross mucosal surfaces via

Back 33

M cells or binding to galactosylceramide and CCR5 (via gp120)

Front 34

In the vagina HIV gains access via

Back 34

langerhans cells

Front 35

How does HIV transport to the lymph nodes

Back 35

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) on dendritic cells bind high mannose N linked oligosaccharides on gp120

Front 36

Once in lymph nodes what does HIV do

Back 36

re-exposed to the surface and displayed to T cells

Front 37

The site of replication for HIV is

Back 37

the small intestine

Front 38

gp120 binding to a receptor leads to

Back 38

a conformational change in gp120 that exposes gp41

Front 39

what are the 3 classes of influenza viruses

Back 39

A, B and C

Front 40

which classes of influenza are majr causes of human disease

Back 40

A and B

Front 41

which classes of influenza are responsible for pandemic outbreaks

Back 41

A

Front 42

Influenza A is covered with 2 spike like glycoproteins known as

Back 42

Trimeric hemagglutinin (HA)

Tetrameric neuraminidase (NA)

Front 43

What does Tetrameric neuraminidase (NA) do

Back 43

cleaves sialic acid and promotes viral release from cells

Front 44

Influenza subtypes in birds are what

Back 44

HA (H1-H15)

NA (N1-N9)

Front 45

Human infections are limited to viruses that express what subtypes

Back 45

H1,H2,H3

N1,N2,N8

Front 46

The spanish flu was caused by

Back 46

a Influenza A strain of H1N1

Front 47

What is hypercytokinemia

Back 47

a systemic expression of a healthy vigorous immune system

Front 48

hypercytokinemia is caused by

Back 48

release of >150 inflammatory mediators

Front 49

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are expressing which subsets

Back 49

H5, H7 or H9

Front 50

Ebola infects

Back 50

endothelial cells of blood vessels, monocytes, macrophages dendritic and liver cells

Front 51

GP encodes

Back 51

Ebola virus glycoprotein

Front 52

What are the two forms of GP

Back 52

Trimeric trans membrane complex

soluble dimeric form (sGP)

Front 53

What does soluble dimeric form (sGP) do

Back 53

secreted after infection - prevents neutrophil activation

Front 54

What does Trimerictrans-membrane complex do

Back 54

targets virus to cells via receptor binding - allows virus to introduce its contents into macrophages leading to inflammatory cytokine dystregulation