Cboi Lecture 4 (Ct)

Front 1

Vaccination initiates which immune response?

Back 1

Primary immune response

Front 2

Who invented the smallpox vaccination?

Back 2

Edward Jenner

Front 3

MMRI stands for

Back 3

measles, mumps, rubella

Front 4

BCG is used for what?

Back 4

tuberculosis

Front 5

T lymphocytes do what?

Back 5

kill virus infected cells (CD8+ T cells/ cytotoxic T lymphocytes) or activate other cells of the immune system (CD4+ helper T cells)

Front 6

B lymphocytes do what?

Back 6

secrete immunoglobins

Front 7

Natural killer cells are capable of

Back 7

killing virus infected cells immediately without prior activation and without clonal expansion

Front 8

NK cells are part of which immune system?

Back 8

innate

Front 9

NK inhibitory receptors suppress killing by

Back 9

binding to MHC class I molecules

Front 10

NK cells are activated by

Back 10

binding of activating receptors to surface molecules produced by cell damage or that are encoded by infecting viruses

Front 11

Define ANTIGEN

Back 11

any molecules or parts of molecules recognized by the variable antigen receptors of lymphocytes

Front 12

mature lymphocytes that have not yet encountered antigen are known as

Back 12

naive lymphocytes

Front 13

Lymphoid differentiation into effector cells is known as

Back 13

clonal selection of antigen specific lymphocytes

Front 14

Lymphocytes enter lymphoid tissues from

Back 14

the bloodstream

Front 15

If not activated lymphocytes return to the bloodstream via the

Back 15

lymph

Front 16

Migration of cells of the immune system is regulated by

Back 16

cytokines and chemokines

Front 17

T lymphocytes recognize antigens by means of

Back 17

T cell receptors (TCR)

Front 18

TCRs are generated

Back 18

during T lymphocyte differentiation

Front 19

TCRs interact with

Back 19

APCs (antigen presenting cells) via complementary ligands

Front 20

Each individual lymphocyte expresses antigen receptors of

Back 20

only one specificity

Front 21

CD is an acronym for

Back 21

clusters of differentiation

Front 22

CD4 is a marker of

Back 22

helper T cells

Front 23

CD8 is a marker of

Back 23

cytotoxic T cells

Front 24

CD4 is a co receptor for

Back 24

MHC class II molecules

Front 25

CD8 is a co receptor or

Back 25

MHC class I molecules

Front 26

Dendritic cells befin life as

Back 26

phagocytes

Front 27

Dendritic cells are numerous in

Back 27

epithelia and at mucosal surfaces

Front 28

Langerhans cells are a subset of

Back 28

dendritic cells found in the keratinised epidermis for several months

Front 29

Skin resistant dendritic cells found in the dermal layer are known as

Back 29

dermal dendritic cells or interstitial dendritic cells

Front 30

In the mucosal epithelium of the gut, dendritic cells are concentrated at

Back 30

specialised sites of antigen collection that overlie lymphoid tissues

Front 31

M cells are

Back 31

specialised cells that deliver antigen from the lumen of the gut to the underlying tissue, where dendritic cells cluster.

Front 32

Can T cells interact directly with the intact antigen?

Back 32

NO

Front 33

MHC stands for

Back 33

major histocompatibility complex

Front 34

MHC molecules carry fragments of

Back 34

antigen

Front 35

MHC cells

Back 35

monitor different internal compartments of cells and are recognised by distinct classes of T cells

Front 36

The two compartments of cells that need to be monitored for pathogens are

Back 36

cytoplasm

vesicles of the endosomal/lysosomal pathway

Front 37

cytoplasm is monitored by

Back 37

MHC class I molecules

Front 38

vesicular compartments are monitered by

Back 38

MHC class II molecules

Front 39

MHC class I molecules are expressed on

Back 39

virtually all body cells

Front 40

MHC class I molecules bind peptides generated by

Back 40

cytoplasmic proteases from cytoplasmic proteins

Front 41

Upon activation CD8 T cells produce

Back 41

Perforins

Granzymes

Front 42

Perforins are

Back 42

proteins that form pores in the membrane of target cells

Front 43

Granzymes are

Back 43

proteases that induce programmed cell death on entry into target cells

Front 44

MHC class II molecules are normally expressed on

Back 44

cells of the immune system:

B cells

macrophages

dendritic cells

Front 45

MHC class II molecules bind to peptides generated

Back 45

from internalized antigen in the endosomal compartments of cells

Front 46

Helper T cells are activated when

Back 46

they recognise antigen bound by MHC class II molecules on surface of dendritic cells

Front 47

Helper T cells recognise fragments of pathogens in macrophages when the fragments have undergone

Back 47

proteolytic digestion

Front 48

What is important for defence against bacteria that grown inside macrophages

Back 48

Helper T cell recognition of macrophages via MHC class II

Front 49

Recognition by helper T cells allows B cells to do what?

Back 49

differentiate into antibody secreting plasma cell