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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is community health?
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nursing care within the context of the clients family and community with a prevention focus that can enhance the patient to be able to do self care
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what is the goal of community health?
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has a goal to meet the needs of people as they transition between and among health care settings and providers w/ a focus on health promotion and rehab
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Charachteristics of CBN?
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A. focus on prevention rather than curative
B. goal is to enhance individual, family, and community health C. provides services within family and community D. collaborates w/ other disciplines |
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who was Hammurabi?
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Babylonian King complied a set of laws w/ rules governing those who cared for the sick. This was a preventative measure for protection of the sick
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What were the 4 Laws of Hammurabi?
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1. Laws that govern physicians
2. Rules for community health 3. Had a code for bearing human waste 4. Code for removing the dead for burial |
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what was the Hebrew hygenic code?
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1. Prototype for personal and community sanitation
2. Priest functioned as the public health officer 3. Rules for food prep, sanitation, and quarantine 4. Midwifes attended births |
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?Egypt?
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1. Temple priests provided basic nursing care
2. Known to have checked pulses, and used bandages and splints 3. They developed some drugs and public drainage systems |
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?Greece?
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A. Hippocrates: father of medicine, eliminated the mythical and magical elements of caring for the sick and introduced scientific method
B. Greeks first to be conscious of the need for trained nurses 1. Used midwifes for births 2. Known for physical fitness (Olympics) |
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Phoebe was known as??
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known as the first “visiting nurse”.. her role to care for the sick
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What were the views in the early Christian ara?
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organized nursing care came to be viewed as a form of charity
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?Dark ages?
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A. communicable disease epidemics:
1. Bubonic plague, smallpox, leprosy, cholera Causes: poor hygiene, poor housing conditions |
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2 factors that influenced nursing in the middle ages...
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2 factors influencing nursing:
1. Religion 2. Military |
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what did St. Vincent De Paul do?
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founded sisters of charity
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what did Edward Jenner do?
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developed smallpox vaccine in 1798
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what was William Rathbone known for?
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“district nursing”
1. Personally employed a nurse to provide care in the slums of city |
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what did Lillian Ward do in nursing?
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found public health nursing in US
1. Found 1st visiting nurse in the US |
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what did the Henry Street Settlement do?
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provided nursing care to the poor
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?20th Century?
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A. 1910, 90% of care was provided in the home
B. after WW1, care of the sick started to shift to hospitals C. 1912, National Organization of Public health (Wald was president) D. public health care expanded to everyone, not just the rich E. in 1980’s nursing care began shifting back out of the hospital to home due to reimbursement changes |
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what is the prospect payment system?
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payment just for service code based on diagnosis
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what are DRG's?
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diagnosis related groups
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What is people, location, and social system?
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a community
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what is the easiest way to understand community?
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thru vital statistics and demographics (cancer rates, birth rates, unemployment rates)
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What is the building block for strong communities?
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family
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What is extended family?
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grandparents, aunts, uncles, other relatives
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What is nuclear family?
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normal for US families
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Name a community boundary?
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Geographic (such as defined by a city, state, or country)
State (signs, county signs) Political(precints or wards) Fluid(within which a problem or solution is defined) |
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What impact do social systems have on the community?
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economy, transportation, health care, legal, education, safety, internet, ect.
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Social systems can either have a ____ or ____ impact on the health of individuals?
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beneficial or detrimental
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Charachteristics of health communities
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access to healthcare, safe enviroment, roads, schools, variety of people, open communication, ect.
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What are 3 good reasons for documentation?
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provides record of the care and a clear account of what the nurse did; determines the eligibility for reimbursement of care; and charting is a legal document, it may help or avoid a litigation
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What is health as defined by WHO?
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state of physical, mental, and social well being and not merely absense of disease or infirmity
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What is health promotion?
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activities that enhance the well being of an already healthy person
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What is disease prevention?
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activities undertaken to avoid occurence of a disease, identify it easily, and intiate treatment or minimize the consequences
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What are the 3 parts of prevention focus?
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Primary= prevention of the intial occurence of disease or injury, i.e. vaccines
Secondary= early identification and treatment of exsisting disease/injury to limit disibility, i.e. blood pressure screening Tertiary= reducing the extent and severity of an injury/illness to maximise recovery, reduce disibility, and restore function, i.e. rehab |
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Healthy people 2010...
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eliminate health disparities and increase quality and years of a healthy life
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What is transcultural nursing?
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body of knowledge and practice for caring for people from other cultures
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who made cultural nursing what it is today?
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Dr. Madeleine Leininger
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What are the 4 parts of the Campinha-Bacote model?
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1. cultural awareness
2. cultural knowledge 3. cultural skill 4. cultural encounter |
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what is cultural blindness?
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ones awareness can avoid attitudes that can be detrimental to the relationship... we do not recognize our own beliefs or others beliefs
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what is ethnocentrism?
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idea that ones own ways are the only way or the best way to behave, believe, or do things
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what is emic?
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refers to the local or insiders view and values about a phenomenon
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what is etic?
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refers to professional or outsiders views and values
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what is biologic variation?
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may impact the health of cultures within your community
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What is magiocoreligious?
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illness caused by God as punishment
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what is biomedical?
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illness caused by MO's
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what is humoral health belief?
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looks for balance or hamony with nature
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what is acculturation?
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new groups enter a different society and they learn the ways needed to exist in the new culture
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what is assimilation?
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occurs when individuals or groups identify more strongly w/ the dominant culture.. usually occurs over longer periods of time
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what is cultural skill?
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ability to collect relevant cultural data regarding clinents health history
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what is cultural encounter?
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opportunity for the nurse to engage in direct contact w/ the members of cultural communities
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Cultural care preservation?
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you notice cultural practices that are helpful, so we reinforce them
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cultural care accomodation/negotiation?
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accomodating their culture
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cultural care repatterning/restructuring?
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find practices in their culture that are harmful to their well being, i.e. Native Americans, getting them away from fatty foods because of being prone to diabetes
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who came up with the 3 modalities for providing culturally congruent care?
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Leininger
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What is family?
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social group where members share common values and interact w/ each other over time; usually but not always live together
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what is a nuclear family?
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married couple w/ children or same sex couple w/ children
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what is a nuclear dyad?
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couple married or unmarried, either sex, but no children
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what is a single parent family?
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one adult w/ children
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what is a single adult family?
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one adult
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Multigenerational family is?
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any combination of nuclear, nuclear dyad, single parent, or single adult families
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what is the kin network?
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2 or more reciprocal households related by birth or marriage
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what is the family role?
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expected set of behaviors associated w/ a particular family posistion
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what is formal role?
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wife, husband, mother, father, child, ect
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what is informal role?
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dog walker, dishwasher, ect. no one assigns you this role, you just casually aquire it
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what is role conflict?
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when the demands of 1 role conflict or contradict another, i.e. my role as a student is effecting being able to help my grandfather the way he is use to
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what is role overload?
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person faces too many responsibilities at one time
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what is affective family functions?
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ability to meet the psychologic needs of family members (affection and understanding)
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what is socialization family functions?
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learning to adapt to life in family and community (norms of dress, hygiene, or food prep.)
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what is reproductive procreation?
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having the next generation
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what is economic family functions?
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providing adequate resources for family members, sufficient income to provide basic necesseties to all family members
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what is health care family functions?
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physical necesseties (provision of material needs such as food, clothing, and shelter)
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What level is at the bottom of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
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Physiologic (air, food, drink, shelter, sex, sleep, ect)
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what is the family systems theory?
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family is a collection of people who are integrated, interacting, and interdependent
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What are some family needs during a prediagnosis of a family member?
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family needs information to help anxiety, nurse role is educator, counselar
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What are some family needs during the diagnosis stage of illness?
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need anxiety relief, support, information, nurses role is educator, support system, counselar
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what are some family needs during the treatment state of illness?
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anxiety relief, need to know treatment info, support, resources, nurses role is emotional, personal support, comfort measures
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what are some family needs at the end of life?
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support, anxiety relief, being w/ client, nurses role is emotional support, explain terminal care planning
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what is the purpose of a family assessment?
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intent is to determine the nursing needs and intervene for the client and family
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what is a genogram?
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an assessment to show family structure using symbols
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what is functional assessment?
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assesses the previous mentioned 5 family functions of affective health care, economics, reproduction, socialization, and coping
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what are cognitive nursing interventions?
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giving them info that they can learn and understand (knowledge)
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what are affective nursing interventions?
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feelings, attitudes, values (find out what their fears are and help them w/ them)
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what are behavioral nursing interventions?
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skills and behaviors (teaching the client and family members how to do skills (i.e. giving injections)
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name a few characteristics of health families?
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interaction among family members
individual family member development is enhanced effective structure of roles and relationships healthy home enviroment and lifestyle regular links to the community all members know the rules which are clear and flexible with some freedom |
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starting from the bottom of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, name the 5 steps...
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5) self actualization (realizing personal potential, self fufillment)
4) esteem needs (self esteem, independence) 3) love needs 2) safety needs (protection, security, law, limits) 1) physiologic (air, food, drink, shelter, ect) |
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who is the lady of the lamp?
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Florence Nightingale
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