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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
contains the thoracic structures other than the lungs (heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus and thymus)
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mediastinum
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The visceral & parietal pleura are _____ at the _____ (doorway) of the lung where pulmonary vessels enter the lung tissue. The parietal pleura lines the _____. The visceral layer is on the
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continuous
hilum thoracic wall surface of the lungs |
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Bifurcation of the trachea occurs around
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T4
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Where's a good place to look for lymph nodes on the lung
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On the mediastinal side of the visceral pleura
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Pulmonary Cavity
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where the lungs reside
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Potential space between the 2 layers of the pleura
contains _____fluid that lubricates the pleural surfaces |
Pleural Cavity
serous |
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Parietal Pleura consists of 4 parts:
_____- covers internal surface of thoracic wall _____- covers the lateral aspect of the mediastinum _____-covers the superior surface of the diaphragm _____- covers the apex of the lung |
Costal Pleura
Mediastinal Pleura Diaphragmatic Pleura Cervical Pleura |
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_____: entry of air into the pleural _____, either from a penetrating wound (gun shot, stabbing) or rib fracture- results in partial _____ of the lung. The surface tension adhering the parietal and visceral layers if pleura is broken and the lung collapses due to its inherent elastic recoil
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Pneumothorax
cavity collapse |
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Right lung is divided into _____ lobes (_____). The left lung is divided into _____ lobes (_____)
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Right: 3 (Superior, Middle, Inferior)...oblique & horizontal fissures
Left: 2 (Superior & Inferior)...oblique fissure |
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Cupula
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apex of lung
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_____ Arteries-supply nutrition to the supporting tissues of the lung (generally arise from thoracic _____) and follow the bronchi into the lung tissue
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bronchial
aorta |
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The trachea divides around
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the sternal angle/angle of louis
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Trachea divides into the _____ and _____. Right is _____. Left has _____. Both are anterior to the _____.
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L & R Bronchus
wider & more vertical a bit of an angle to it. esophagus |
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Where are the different functional segments of the bronchi called? Right lung has _____, left has _____. The main primary bronchus (right and left) divides into _____ then _____, which supply each _____.
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bronchopulmonary segments
10 9 secondary & tertiary bronchi bronchopulmonary segment |
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Diagnostic procedure checking out the trachea
_____ (keel of boat) is cartilaginous projection form last tracheal ring. This can deviate from the midline if there's an underlying _____. Also, the _____ covering the carina is extremely sensitive (_____ reflex) |
Bronchoscopy
Carina bronchogenic carcinoma mucosa cough |
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The _____ do NOT completely encircle the trachea (they do go 3/4 of the way though). The _____ muscle spans the posterior region...this is _____ muscle
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cartilagenous rings
trachealis muscle smooth |
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The bronchopulmonary segments are the largest _____ of a lobe. They are separated by _____. They are supplied by a tertiary _____ and _____. Drained via _____ that course in the connective tissue between segments. Each is surgically _____.
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subdivision
connective tissue tertiary bronchus and tertiary branch of the pulmonary artery pulmonary veins removable |
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removal of one or more of the bronchopulmonary segments
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Segmentectomy
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removal of an entire lobe
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Lobectomy
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complete resection of a lung
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Pneumonectomy
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The tertiary/segmental bronchi continues to branch:
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terminal
respiratory alveolar ducts alveoli |
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basic structural unit of gas exchange in the lung
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Alveolus
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On the hilum, the 2 _____ are on the top, the _____ is hard, and the 2-3_____ is on the bottom. This takes practice
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pulmonary arteries
bronchus pulmonary veins |
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Parasympathetic innervation for the lungs. This causes _____. Preganglionic parasympathetic GVE fibers arise from cell bodies in the _____ and travel via the vagus nerve (CN X). Postganglionic parasympathetic GVE fibers arise from cell bodies in the _____ (large nerve plexus along the tracheobronchial tree)
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vagus nerve
bronchoconstriction medulla oblongata pulmonary plexuses |
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Sympathetic innervation arises from the sympathetic chain/trunk causes _____. Preganglionic sympathetic GVE fibers arise from cell bodies in the lateral horn of the spinal cord (_____). Postganglionic sympathetic GVE fibers arise from cell bodies in the _____ and are called _____. Fibers course to the _____ and are distributed to bronchial smooth muscle
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bronchodilation
T1-T5 sympathetic chain pulmonary nerves pulmonary plexus |
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Posterior Mediastinum contains
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Thoracic aorta
Essophagus Thoracic duct Azygos vein Thoracic sympathetic trunks/chians A SEAT |
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Thoracic aorta descends through the posterior mediastinum delivering small branches along its course
_____ _____ _____ |
Esophageal branches
Posterior intercostal arteries Bronchial arteries |
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The esophagus pierces the diaphragm near _____.
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T10
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Azygos System of Veins
Contains the azygos vein (right side), the _____ (left side inferior), and the _____ (left side superior). These draw blood from the _____ and posterior abdominal wall. This forms a collateral pathway between _____ and _____ in case the IVC gets blocked. |
Hemiazygos
Accessory Azygos Posterior intercostal veins SVC & IVC |
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Backup for the IVC failure
This vein joins the _____. |
Azygos system
SVC |
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Lymphatic System Functions:
Drainage and transport of extracellular tissue fluids-referred to as _____-into the venous system Absorption and transport of _____ from the intestines into the venous system Immune or defense mechanism for our body-_____ and _____ are produced and dispatched to infected areas |
lymph fluid
fats antibodies and lymphocytes |
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_____- large lymph vessel that drains lymph from right upper extremity/trunk and right side of face into the venous system (enters _____)
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Right Lymphatic Duct
right venous angle |
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_____- largest lymph vessel in the body- begins in the abdomen and courses thru posterior mediastinum where it eventually drains into the _____ vein (left _____)-drains the remaining lymph fluid of the body
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Thoracic Duct
subclavian venous angle |