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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Compare the structure and organisation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
1-10 microns 10-100 microns None Many Cytoplasm Nucleus 0.004 pg 4 pg Circular Linear 1000 20,000 70S 80S Peptidoglycan None None Extensive Minutes Hours |
1. Cell size 2. Organelles 3. DNA location 4. DNA amount 5. Genome 6. No. of genes 7. RIbosome 8. Cell wall 9. Cytoskeleton 10. Cell generation time |
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Explain the principle of selective toxicity of antibiotics. Give examples (3). |
Targets processes and molecules unique to prokaryotes. Penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis Streptomycin, tetracyclines inhibit bacterial ribosome. |
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Describe the compartmentalisation of the eukaryotic cell as a segregation of function. |
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Outline the structure and function of the nucleus. How large is a nucleus? What is its function? |
5-10 microns Has nuclear envelope Site for RNA and ribosome synthesis |
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Outline the structure and function of the mitochondrion. How large is it? Which cells are abundant in mitochondria? |
0.5-2 microns Variable number in a cell - depends on energy requirements Abundant in metabolically active cells - muscles and brown adipose tissue Double membrane |
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Outline the structure and function of the rough ER |
Active ribosomes attached to the membrane Continuous with the nuclear envelope Extent or RER depends on how much protein secretion a cell is doing |
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Outline the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. |
Modification of proteins - protein phosphorylation - addition of sugar residues - proteolysis - sorting of lipid and protein Release of secretory vesicles0.5-2 |
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Outline the structure and function of the transport vesicle |
Bud off the RER and transport proteins through the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus |
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Outline the structure and function of the smooth ER |
Tends to be more circular No ribosomes attached to the membrane Synthesis and processing of lipids |
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Outline the structure and function of the lysosome |
Contains hydrolase enzyme that breaks down macromolecules pH of lysosomes is maintained at 5 Destructive enzymes are only active in an acidic environment |
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Evaluate the selective advantages of eukaryotic cells. |
Has compartmentalisation- special environments High membrane surface area |
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Why are viruses immune to antibiotics? |
Viruses are not a cell |
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