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14 Cards in this Set
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The Moroccan Crisis- Tangiers 1905 |
Causes: - The Kaiser wanted his place in the sun - He wanted to test the Entente Cordiale - The Kaiser wanted a port in Agadir
Events: - The Kaiser went to Morocco and told them he would support a revolt against France (who had agreed with Spain in 1904 they would have control over Morocco) - This upset the French and Germany were told (in the Algreicas conference) they had no right to Morocco - 13 countries supported France, Austria-Hungary did not |
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The Moroccan Crisis- Agadir 1911 |
Causes: -The Kaiser wanted his place in the sun -He wanted to test the Entente Cordiale - The Kaiser wanted a port in Agadir Events: - Some people attacked the Sultan of Morocco - The French sent troops so Germany sent the panther (gunboat) to Agadir. Their excuse was they had to protect German businessmen - Sir Edward Grey and other GB politicians protested against Germany so they decided to back down - Germany agreed to back down as long as they said they could have the Congo Results: - Mansion house speech- Britain said they would not give Germany any land. They said it was a national honour. - Germany got 100,000 km squared of the the Congo as swap land. - The Kaiser wanted revenge, but he knew GB and France would stand together |
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A place in the sun 1901 |
- Germany was a new country and both wanted and needed friends. The Kaiser felt encircled by his enemies Russia and France. - Germany signed secret alliances first. This caused France and Russia to become suspicious and sign the Franco-Russian agreement (1894-1917) |
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The Schlieffan Plan |
- Alfred Von Schlieffan's War plan - Attack France through neutral Belgium to ensure the fall of Paris. - Set up in 1904 to ensure Germany didn't have to fight a war on two fronts. - Russia should take 6 weeks to mobilise and in this, France would surrender. Get!any need 90% of its troops on the Western Front. - Britain did not stay out of the War (Treaty of London 1839), France was not defeated in 6 weeks and Russia had an early advance. - Ultimately, the Schlieffan Plan was a failure, but helped bring wat about. |
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Balkan Wars 1912-13 |
- Series of small scale conflicts resulting from the disintegration of the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire. This was partly caused by the Bosnian crisis (1908) - Serbia wanted to use the power vacuum left by the Ottomans to create a greater Serbia. - In the first war, lots of Balkan nations united under Russian influence- this was called the Balkan league. - Turks were expelled from the area. - Austria-Hungary was fearful of Serbia becoming too powerful. - They interfered in peace talks and Serbia got less than they deserved. |
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Weltpolitik |
- Means world policy - Fritz Fisher (historian) thought the Kaiser had a plan for world domination. - He believed he would achieve these things through imperialism, nationalism and militarism. How he planned to achieve: - Militarism: building up his army and navy - Imperialism: building a greater empire - Nationalism: creating a new national pride |
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Militarism |
- To achieve imperialism and nationalism, the Kaiser started to build up a greater army and navy. - Germany's old leader Otto Von Bismark had followed a peaceful policy. The Kaiser had forced him to resign. |
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Imperialism |
- The Kaiser wanted his 'place in the sun'- an empire to rival the British in Africa. - He also wanted a greater Empire for trade. - Von Bulow was given the job of taking colonies. |
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Nationalism |
- Germany was a new country and had only formed in 1871 - The Kaiser wanted a new national pride. - The national anthem sang about Germans above all others. - The Kaiser believed in 'survival of the fittest' |
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The arms race |
- Germany had the biggest army of 1.2 million and had brought in conscription. - Germany spent the most money on the military. - 'We were born for each other' speech by the Kaiser. - The Kaiser was trying to match Bismark's great victories (1871 against France). - The Krupp factories were producing more weapons than anywhere else. - Germany was stockpiling weapons. |
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The naval race |
- Race to build dreadnaughts - Special type of boat developed by a British sailor- Admiral Fisher. It had thicker armour, !ore guns and moved faster. - German Naval laws passed in 1898 under Admiral Fritz. - British (two power standard) had to build more. - By the end Britain had built 27 and Germany 17. - 'We want 8, we won't wait'- British public . - Caused suspicion and rivalry between Britain and Germany. |
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The treaty of London |
- The treat of London was signed between Britain and Belgium in 1839. - Britain says they will look after Belgium. - Article 7 days that they will protect its neutrality. |
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Alliance Systems |
- The alliance systems were used as protection for the countries. - Two main alliances were the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy). -The triple Entente was less structured than the Triple Alliance and none of the members were committed enough to aid any of the others when they were attacked, but the understanding was they would help the others. |
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The Bosnian Crisis 1908 |
Causes: - Bosnia was a new country and lots of others wanted it. - Russia wanted it to get access to the sea. - Austria-Hungary wanted it to expand their empire as they were allowed to in the treaty of Berlin (1878). - Serbia wanted Bosnia so they could create a better Serbia.
Events: - Russia made a secret deal with Austria. Austria got Bosnia and Russia would get access to the Mediterranean. But, the plans leaked. - Austria took over Bosnia in 1908 anyway. - Russia had to deny the secret plans to protect the Slavs who they were supposed to be protecting. - An international meeting was set up to sort it out. Russia wanted a meeting in Vienna, but backed out once they realised GB and French would not support them.
Results: - Austria asked Germany to help. - Russia backed down and Austria kept Bosnia. - Serbia began to make plans to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand. |
