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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Divine Right of Kings
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The belief that monarchs had their right to rule given to them by God. James I and Charles I both believed in this idea, and Charles I particularly refused to allow Parliament to question his decisions because of it.
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High Anglicanism
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The style of religion favoured by Charles I: Anglican (Church of England) but with much of the splendour and ceremony of the Catholic Church.
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Henrietta Maria
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The Catholic daughter of the King of France, and Charles I's wife. Fear of her influence coupled with Charles I's taste for High Anglicanism made many suspect Charles I was pro-Catholic.
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William Prynne, Henry Burton, John Bastwick
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Three Puritan radicals whose ears were cut off for speaking against Archbishop William Laud in 1637.
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William Laud
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Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633. He was to become the most hated archbishop in English history for his High Anglican beliefs and brutal repression of his opponents. Parliament accused him of treason in 1639 and he was tried in 1644 and executed in 1645
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'Freeborn John' Lilburne
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A Puritan pampleteer arrested in 1638 for speaking out against William Laud
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Prayer Book
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The introduction of a new Prayer Book to Scotland in 1637 led to riots - a stool was thrown at the Archbishop of St Andrews. The Scots were particuarly hostile to High Anglicanism.
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First Bishops' War
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The Scots signed a Covenant in 1638 declaring they would defend their Protestantism against Charles I and Laud's changes. Charles sent an army to Scotland in 1639 to enforce his changes, but it was easily defeated
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George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham
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A favourite of James I, and close ally of Charles. He was deeply unpopular with Parliament because of his Foreign Policy - he led the Cadiz Raid in 1625, and was later murdered by a disgruntled sailor.
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1627
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Charles dissolved Parliament for offering him 10% of the money he requested. Charles resorted to using a forced loan.
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Petition of Right 1628
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A petition drawn up by a group of MPs led by John Pym reminding the King he had no power to raise taxes or take forced loans of his own accord.
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John Pym
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An MP who led much of the opposition to Charles I including drawing up the Petition of Right. He was one of the five MPs Charles tried to have arrested in 1642
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John Hampden
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An MP who refused to pay Ship Money which Charles I had extended to all countied of England as a way of raising money without having to recall Parliament. He was tried and forced to.
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Eleven Years' Tyranny
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The period 1629-1640 when Charles I dissolved Parliament in response to the Three Resolutions. The Second Bishops' War forced him to call them again.
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Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford
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Charles I's deeply unpopular deputy in Ireland. His actions provoked the Irish Rebellion and Parliament forced Charles to have him executed in May 1641.
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£850 per day and three northern counties
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What Charles I had to give the Scots after defeat in the Second Bishops' War under the Treaty of Ripon.
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Triennial Act
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An Act passed by Parliament in 1641, demanding that Parliament be called at least once every three years.
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October 1641
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Irish Rebellion
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Phelim O'Neill
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Raised a force that killed 12,000 Protestants in Ulster during the Irish Rebellion
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Grand Remonstrance 1641
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An Act demanding Parliament should appoint the King's ministers
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4 January 1642
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Charles I entered Parliament with 400 soldiers to try to arrest five MPs including John Pym
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Nineteen Popositions 1641
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Called for the approval of Parliament in all affairs of state and the appointment of all ministers, and the right of Parliament to control th army.
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August 1642
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Charles raised his standard at Nottingham: the Civil War had begun
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Ship Money
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An old tax Charles I revived to help him raise money - originally only coastal counties had to pay to help defend the country in times of war. Charles extended it to all counties. John Hampden MP refused to pay.
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Forest Fines
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Another deeply unpopular way of raising money - fixing the boundaries of royal forests as they had been under Edward III. Those living inside the boundaries were fined.
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Sale of Monopolies
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Another way Charles raised money without calling Parliament - the person who bought the monopoly had the exclusive right to trade in a certain product (e.g. soap)
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