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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Tumor (neoplasm)
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a mass of cells that grows independently of the rest of the body
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Meningiomas
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tumors that grow between the meninges
-about 20% of tumors are meningiomas |
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meninges
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the three membranes that cover the central nervous system
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encapsulated tumors
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tumors that grow within their own membrane
-can influence the function of the brain only by the pressure they exert on surrounding tissue |
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benign tumors
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tumors that are surgically removable with little risk of further growth in the body.
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infiltrating tumors
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are those that grow diffusely through surrounding tissue.
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malignant tumors
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it is difficult to remove them completely, and any cancerous tissue that remains after surgery continues to grow.
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metastatic tumors
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brain tumors that do not originate in the brain. they grow from infiltrating tumor fragments carried to the brain by the bloodstream from some other part of the body.
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tumor suppressor genes
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normal cells have tumor suppressor genes, which become dysfunctional during the growth of certain types of tumors.
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neuromas
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are tumors that grow on nerves or tracts
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strokes
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are sudden-onset cerebrovascular disorders that cause brain damage.
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cerebral hemorrhage
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occurs when a cerebral vessel ruptures and blood seeps into the surrounding neural tissue and damages it.
-bleeding in the brain |
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aneurysm
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is a pathological ballonlike dilation that forms in the wall of a blood vessel at a point where the elasticity of the vessel wall is defective.
-can be present at birth or result from vascular poisons or infection |
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congenital
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present at birth
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cerebral Ischemia
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is a disruption of the blood supply to an area of the brain
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thrombosis
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a plug (thrombus) is formed and blocks blood flow at the site of its formation
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embolism
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a plug that is carried by the blood from a larger vessel, where it was formed, to a smaller one, where it becomes lodged.
-embolus |
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arteriosclerosis
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the wall of blood vessels thicken and the channels narrow, usually as the result of fat deposits.
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glutamate
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the brain's most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter.
- causes much of the damage associated with a stroke |
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NMDA receptor
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glutamate receptor
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contusions
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closed-head injuries that involve damage to the cerebral circulatory system...bruise to the brain tissue?
--occur from when the brain slams against the inside of the skull. |
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hematoma
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is a localized collection of clotted blood in an organ or tissue....a bruise.
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subdural space
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the space between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane.
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contrecoup injuries
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contusions that occur on the side of the brain opposite to the side of the blow.
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concussion
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the situation in which there is a disturbance of consciousness following a blow to the head with no cerebral bleeding or obvious structural damage
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Punch drunk syndrome
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is the dementia and cerebral scarring that is observed in boxers and other individuals who experience repeated concussions.
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dementia
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general intellectual deterioration
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encephalitis
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the inflammation associated with brain infection
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cerebral abscesses
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pockets of pus in the brain
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meningitis
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inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by bacterial infection.
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general paresis
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the insanity and intellectual deterioration resulting from syphilitic infection
syphilis: bacterial brain infection, they like fat..myelin in the brain is fat |
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neurotropic
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viral infections that have a particular affinity for neural tissue.
ex. rabies |
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pantroptic
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attack neural issue but not preferentially
ex mumps and herpes |
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psychosis
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not in contact with reality
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toxic psychosis
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chronic insanity produced by a neurotoxin...
ex accumulation of heavy metals such as mercury and lead in the brain |
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tardive dyskinesia
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a motor disorder that results from chronic use of certain antipsychotic drugs.
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autoimmune disorder
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consequence of antibodies that attack their body's own myelin.
neurotoxins...endogenous ex: multiple sclerosis |
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phenylketonuria (PKU)
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some people can't process this amino acid...passed on through a abnormal recessive gene.
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Apoptosis
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programmed cell death
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down syndrome
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a disorder associated with the presence of resulting in disfigurement and mental retardation.
trisomy --pair 21 |
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necrosis
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neurons and other cells that die by injury
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